【製品名(商品名)】
はるか
【種類】
Malus pumila ‘Haruka’
【産地】
秋田県横手市
【名前の由来】
It seems that it was named after the grandson of Honorary Professor Kiyoshi Yokota, a professor at the Faculty of Agriculture at Iwate University who made a great contribution at the time.
【主な特徴】
Environment Surrounding Yokote City Agriculture: The city is located in the southern part of Akita Prefecture, in the center of the Yokote Basin surrounded by the Ou Mountains to the east and the Dewa Hills to the west. It is spreading. The total area is 692.80 km2, accounting for about 6.0% of Akita Prefecture. Regarding land use, cultivated land (fields) is 178 km2, forest is 374 km2, and residential land is 25 km2. Compared with the average in the prefecture, it can be seen that there is a lot of flat land with cultivated land and residential land. In addition, the Omono River and Yokote River, which are the confluences of the Naruse River and the Minase River, which originate in the Ou mountain range, flow through the area. It creates scenery. Because it is a basin, the climate is characterized by a large daily temperature range and not very strong winds. A large amount of snow is a nuisance for people to live in, but on the other hand, it is a valuable water resource that brings moisture to the environment of Yokote City and is a source of snow culture. After many towns and villages merged after the Meiji period, on October 1, 2005, Yokote City, Masuda Town, Hiraka Town, Omonogawa Town, Omori Town, Jumonji Town, Sannai Village, and Daio Village merged to become the largest municipality in Akita Prefecture. 2 cities. Location longitude, 39 degrees 18 minutes north latitude, 140 degrees 33 minutes east longitude, total area 692.80 km2 (2014 National Survey of Areas by Prefectures and Municipalities (Geographical Survey Institute Technical Data E2-No.61)). The former Masuda town, including the Kameda area of Yokote City, is known as the village of apples, according to the Akita Future Creation Department, Akita Prefecture. The history of apple cultivation in Japan is surprisingly short, and it is said that the cultivation of Western apples, which are the main food in Japan today, began with 75 saplings brought back from the United States in 1871. In 1874, three of the 75 seedlings were brought to Akita Prefecture under the direction of the Ministry of Home Affairs. In 1876, Kenkichi Ito of Daigo Town (currently Daigo, Hiraka Town, Yokote City) established the Plant Freedom Research Institute in an effort to grow Western apples, which are larger and sweeter than Japanese apples. I started. Risaburo Fujiwara (1867-1935), also from Daigo Village, sought a lucrative alternative to sericulture in his youth. When he was only twenty years old, he seems to have cut down a fine cedar forest and started clearing an apple orchard. He planted saplings one after another, even though he was criticized for being an oddball by those around him. While cultivation methods had not been established, they had repeated trial and error, but in 1894, a pest called cottonworm (alinga cottonworm) caused a great deal of damage. It seems that he started diversified management of cherries, peaches, pears, grapes, etc. Around the same time, when Risaburo planted apples at the foot of Mt. In September 1945, “Ringo no Uta”, the theme song for the first post-war movie “Soyokaze”, was recorded in the turmoil of the postwar period. He sang about courage and hope for tomorrow to the whole country. It was sung by singer Michiko Namiki. She also played the main character in the movie “Soyokaze”. Yasushi Sasaki (1908-1993: Showa period), director of Soyokaze. A film director who dropped out of the Japanese Literature course at Hosei University. Belonged to Shochiku, Toei, and Toei TV Productions. Known as a master of fast-shooting, he was known as a master of early filming, and was known as a popular film during the Shochiku era, a historical drama film during the Toei era, and a TV historical drama during the Toei Television era. A series of hit films) was from the former Omonogawa Town (now Yokote City), so it was filmed in the Kameda area of Masuda, Yokote City. Ringo no Uta became a national hit song and contributed greatly to the popularization of apples in Masuda, and in 1989 the “Ringo no Uta monument” was erected in Mato Park. It seems that the Apple Song Contest is being held at the Apple Festival. In addition, I am grateful for the interaction between Michiko Namiki and the townspeople of the former Masuda Town, which was connected in the movies “Soyokaze” and “Ringo no Uta.” With this in mind, a monument commemorating Michiko Namiki was erected in Mato Park in October 2001. Name mountain has several phonetic equivalents, but Kiyohara Mato Takenori, who helped Minamoto no Yoriie in the role of the former nine years. (originating from the ruins of a castle) Was found to be suitable for apple cultivation. The apple orchards have been developed, and Risaburo named the apple orchards in the area “Oyo Plantation”. It is said that the whole area of Mt. Mato produced good falcons and presented them to the Imperial Court since ancient times, and it is said that the name came from the fact that it was famous as ‘Hiruka no Mitaka’. At that time, Western apples were very rare fruits and were traded at a very high price. As the news spread, little by little the park expanded. It takes a lot of money to start apple cultivation, but it seems that there were many farmers who were struggling with debt because they were not able to produce good fruits due to poor cultivation techniques and pests. Risaburo sorted out debts, lent out production materials, etc., and seems to have created a system similar to today’s agricultural cooperatives. In addition, it is said that he hired the second and third sons of farmers who were motivated to grow fruit trees, lent them land, and provided them with houses and food to further expand their orchards. However, since it takes time for fruit trees to bear fruit after they are planted, Risaburo himself seems to have been plagued with huge debts. He formed a joint sales association and shipped from the south of Akita Prefecture to Honjo City (now Yurihonjo City) and eventually Akita City. In the Showa period (1926-1989), railroads and other means of transportation developed, and it seems that they began to be shipped not only within the prefecture but also outside the prefecture and even to the Ota fruit and vegetable market in Tokyo. The Risaburo Fujiwara Old Man Monument was erected in 1928 by 20 Oyo Plantation volunteers. A ceremony was held on May 9, the anniversary of his death, and as the father of apple cultivation, his virtues are still admired today. Currently, Kameda’s apples are known for their taste and quality, with Fuji apples as the main product, and many juices and processed products are being developed. Expanding sales channels to Taiwan and Southeast Asia, it has grown into a product that represents the Kameda area. In terms of agricultural characteristics, Yokote City’s agriculture has developed into one of the prefecture’s leading producers of agricultural products due to its rich natural environment, fertile soil and water conditions. About 30% of the total area is managed by arable land, of which paddy fields account for about 90%. In addition, agriculture is becoming more complex by expanding the planting of fruit trees and livestock such as apples and grapes, land-use crops such as hops and buckwheat as rotation crops, and promotional crops such as watermelon and taro. It has become a key industry. Furthermore, in recent years, facility cultivation of spinach, fungal bed shiitake mushrooms, and the like, as well as horticultural crops, are being developed in industrial complexes, and production expansion is expected. However, it seems that the situation surrounding agriculture in the city is becoming more severe, such as the decrease in farmers due to the aging of agricultural workers and the lack of successors, and the decline of rice farming due to the decline in rice prices. As for the current situation and issues facing Yokote’s agriculture, forestry and fisheries industries, the city’s agriculture seems to be developing as a region in the prefecture where combined management of rice and horticultural crops is the most advanced, taking advantage of the fertile soil and inland climate. However, many farmers still have a production structure based on rice farming, and farm management is in a difficult situation due to stronger production adjustments due to falling rice prices and reduced consumption, and a decrease in farm income due to sluggish prices of agricultural and livestock products. Seems to continue. In addition, the number of farmers and farmers has decreased significantly as the number of farmers has been aging year by year. It seems that the shortage of bearers is becoming serious. Especially in hilly and mountainous areas with unfavorable cultivation conditions, There seems to be concern about the increase in land. Against this background, in order to sustainably develop agriculture in the city and develop it into an advanced industry suitable for a mature society, it is necessary to discover and train farmers who are expected to be next-generation farmers and community leaders. It seems that it is an urgent issue to secure and train certified farmers and new farmers, as well as to develop various management bodies such as agricultural corporations. It was launched in May 2011 by integrating three organizations, the Yokote City Regional Paddy Farming Promotion Council, the Yokote City Regional Abandoned Farmland Countermeasures Council, and the Yokote City Regional Leader Development Comprehensive Support Council. Mainly rice demand adjustment, efforts to promote crop production in paddy fields and measures to stabilize management income, organization of community farming (incorporation), efforts to train and secure farmers, accumulation of farmland, elimination of abandoned farmland, devastation. It seems to be an organization that integrally promotes efforts related to the effective use of farmland, such as land regeneration. The management income stabilization measure is a system to support the income improvement of the entire paddy field agriculture and the stability of farm management. In Yokote City, apple cultivation is thriving, centering on the Hiraka and Masuda areas, and the production volume is the largest in the prefecture. Yokote City has a long history of apple cultivation. Ever since apple saplings were brought to Akita Prefecture in the middle of the Meiji era, many enthusiastic producers and researchers have created various cultivation techniques and new varieties. Currently, there are many kinds of apples, including the main brand “Fuji apple”, “Tsugaru apple”, “Sansa apple”, “Yataka apple”, “Senshu apple”, “Shinano sweet apple”, “Orin apple”, “Akita Beniakari apple”. Apples are grown. By the way, “Senshu apple” and “Akita Beniakari apple” are varieties grown in Akita Prefecture, and “Yataka apple” is a variety discovered in Masuda Town, Yokote city. At that time, breeding “Haruka apple” had small fruits, high sugar content and extremely low proportion of apples with high honey by conventional cultivation methods（Fruits with cracks in the pits freeze on the tree）. In Iwate Prefecture, in March 2002, a “Haruka Study Group” was launched for producers in the prefecture. 2008年4月（2006年?）に『岩手冬恋研究会: 11月に商標出願【冬恋】: 出願番号524261, 2008,11.29, 登録, 2009,06.21. 全国農業協同組合連合会, A technique of stacking two special bags and carefully pouring them one by one to improve fruit quality. Conclusions for testing the optimal light transmittance by producer.『フユコイ,トーレン』以下』（Aiming to unify the skills and consciousness of producers）と改称. The careful sorting process is remarkable. Analyze sugar content and nectar index, irradiate each fruit with near-infrared rays, shine through the inside of the fruit, and analyze. Measures ingredients, sugar content, acidity, internal obstacles, etc. of fruit. Three varieties can be confirmed from the selection criteria.「（登録: 5648530, 2013,09.17,2014,02.07, 商願: 2013-0723-05: 全国農業協同組合連合会）純情はるかりんご: Sugar content is about 14 or more」「冬恋りんご: Sugar content is about 15 ° or more, density（sorbitol: A type of sugar alcohol obtained by reducing glucose and converting aldehyde groups to hydroxy groups）is 2.5ρ」プレミアム冬恋りんご: Sugar content is about 16 ° or more, density（sorbitol) is 3ρ or more. Fruits that have not passed through the fruit sorting process or fruits from other areas tend to be marketed as “Haruka apple”. Much has a deep history since 1977. Faculty of Agriculture, IWATE UNIV. Sowing natural hybrid seeds of Golden Delicious. From 1978, after selecting from the seedlings, continued to investigate the characteristics while growing. According to the results of the genetic analysis, the pollen parent is said to be “Starking Delicious apple”. In 1990, after grafting to “M91 Marubadai” at the farm attached to the Faculty of Agriculture (Takizawa Village, Iwate County, Iwate Prefecture), the final test selection was carried out in 1994, and in 1998 it was stabilized and cultivation was completed. The breed registration was in 2002, and the wishes of the professors and others concerned have been fulfilled in about 25 or 26 years. Effect of apple-derived procyanidins on blood glucose elevation. “Haruka Apple” developed by Dr. Kiyoshi Yokota, Professor Emeritus of Iwate National University. Research began in 1977, and the variety was registered in 2002. These apples are characterized by their bright yellow color, rich honey, sweetness, and rich flavor. It has a high sugar content of 17 degrees or more, and it has a low acidity, so it seems that you can feel the sweetness strongly. If you cut this excellent produce crosswise, you will surely be surprised at the fineness of the cross section and the amount of honey.
In Yokote City, the heavy snow from December 2020 (observed 123 cm of snow at 2:00 am on the 21st) to January last year caused a series of damage such as broken apple trunks and branches. Although it was only half of the previous fiscal year, it seems that it is expected to recover to about 1.2 times the previous fiscal year in 2022. Attention is focused on this year’s harvest and shipment.
Along the Yuhei Fruit Line, a wide-area agricultural road that connects Yokote City with Yuzawa City, there is a vast apple field that spreads out and is famous as a scenic spot. About 4 km from Hirashika to Kameda. It is the number one apple-producing area in Akita Prefecture, and from the beginning to the middle of May, snow-white apple blossoms are in full bloom, coloring the roadside scenery. In the Kameda area, there are also many fruit stands.
As a characteristic of “Haruka Apple”, this variety was cultivated and selected from the natural hybrid seedlings of “Golden Delicious Apple” at the Faculty of Agriculture, National Iwate University, and was registered as a variety in 2002. The size of the fruit is about 250-350 g, the fruit shape is conical, the color of the peel is yellow, and rust often occurs. The sugar content is 17-20% (Brix%), the acidity is 0.30-0.35 g / 100 ml. He ripens in mid-November, the same time as Fuji apples, but it seems that delaying the harvest time can promote nectar. The germination period is about 2 days earlier than “Fuji apple”, which is the same as “Orin apple”, and the full bloom period is about 2 days later than “Fuji apple”. In addition, although early or late fruit drop was not observed, the use of fruit thinning agent (NAC wettable powder) resulted in excessive drop depending on the year. It seems that it is better to refrain from using fruit thinning agents because there is a risk of fruit thinning. Long fruit branches with a fruit base length of 25 mm or more have a higher rate of green fruit, so it seems that they should not bear fruit.