Yasushi was born in 1892 at the military academy official residence in Etajima, Hiroshima Prefecture, where his father worked. Naturally, he should have been a soldier, but since he suffered from ‘Tuberculous arthritis’ as a child and was unable to use one leg, he aspired to improve agriculture and followed his own convictions. Wild Grape Resources of Japan-Details of Fruit Tree Diseases-Zenbe Kawakami old man, 1927-Black Queen Grape (7th grade), Dr. Hiroo Terami, Dr. Shuji Yoshie

【製品名（商品名）】

ナガノパープル

【種類】

Vitis L.

【生産地】

長野県長野市篠ノ井・信更・大岡・松代・川中島・更北・若穂地区（JA グリーン長野, JA 全農長野）

【名前の由来】

The color was named from the deep purple color from a new grape variety born in Suzaka City, Nagano Prefecture.

【主な特徴】

Born as the eldest son of a wealthy farmer, Znbe crossed grapes more than 10,000 times from the Meiji period to the Taisho period in order to develop grape varieties that are easy to grow even in the wet environment of his hometown of Echigo Takada, where the snow is deep, and to contribute to the development of the region. Twenty-two cultivars were registered as superior cultivars among them. Muscat Bailey A grapes, the most widely cultivated red wine variety in Japan, are representative of the variety, and this is the reason why Zenbei Kawakami is called “the father of Japanese wine grapes.” In 1890, he created Iwanohara Vineyard by clearing the gardens and hills behind his mansion. Among them, the Rose Ciotat grape was crossed by her mother with the Berry grape in 1927 with the Chassler Ciotat grape, the first to bear fruit in 1932. The biological tree heritability seems to be 7:3 from the mother, but the appearance is mostly inherited from the paternal side, and the shape of the leaves is not the characteristic shape of the paternal side called Italian parsley, but the shape of the maternal side. It seems that there is On the other hand, the heritability of the fruit is 1:9 from the mother, making it suitable for both eating raw and wine. It seems to be written as “Alcohol rank A grade, good flavor, not optimal as white alcohol”. It seems that most of the JA Green Nagano grapes are cultivated outdoors on flat land. The rich plains formed by two great rivers, the Saigawa River and the Chikuma River, seem to be a production area for exceptionally delicious grapes. Also, most of the grapes grown here are Kyoho grapes, and the popular seedless Kyoho grapes are increasing. Varieties with elegant flavors such as Shine Muscat grapes and Nagano Purple grapes, as well as European grapes of various colors are produced, and the region is highly popular and strongly loved by fans. In my opinion, it appears that they are working to promote the production of “seedless grape varieties” that meet consumer needs. JA Green Nagano Mashima Fruit Center (Mashima Town, Nagano City, Nagano Prefecture) is holding a seminar “Kohoku Agricultural School” specializing in fruit trees on May 29, 2022. It seems that apple and peach cultivation techniques will be taught seven times for fruit farmers in the Kohoku district of Nagano City. In addition to JA farming technicians, producers with excellent skills, “farming counselors,” will serve as instructors, and in addition to “closer to the field” farming technicians, including technical guidance from the producer’s perspective, farming counselors will provide technical guidance. There is. In fruit thinning, he explained while showing the fruit thinning technique to proceed with fruit thinning, including the formation of flower buds in the next year. In addition, as a measure against Valsa ceratosperma, we will teach you how to identify damaged branches (Valsa ceratosperma) and tips on how to wrap straw around the damaged part of the canker. Occurs on branch trunks. Valsa ceratosperma, a type of ascomycete: It forms reddish-brown lesions in early spring, but it seems that the bark is browned and rotted, and later many black small spots (locusts) are formed in the lesions to form shark skin. When the lesion goes around the trunk of the branch, it dies. Sources of transmission are spores and ascospores that form in the loci on the lesion. The spores are ejected from the spore shell in the form of a string when it rains, and appear yellow (spore angle). It is scattered by wind or rain almost all year round, and is transmitted from wounds such as pruning marks, harvest marks, and fruit stem residues after fruit pruning. On the other hand, ascospores are formed in the stalk shell from late autumn to the following spring and are scattered by wind and rain. It develops 1 to 2 years after infection. The onset of this disease seems to be closely related to the degree of cold in winter. Efforts will be made to detect the affected area at an early stage, and the branch rot will be excised and the trunk rot will be scraped off. Spray the effective drug after harvesting and early spring after pruning. Environmental factors have a great influence on the onset of the disease, so it is a disease that requires comprehensive control. The history of Nagano City began in the village in front of the gate of Zenkoji Temple（According to “Zenkoji Engi”, the principal idol, Ikko Sanson Amida Nyorai, traveled from India to Baekje on the Korean Peninsula, and in 552, it was the oldest in Japan that was passed down from Baekje to Japan when Buddhism was introduced. It is said to be a Buddhist statue. This Buddha statue was abandoned in Horie in Namba by Mr. Mononobe of the abolition Buddha group during the controversy over the acceptance of Buddhism. Later, Yoshimitsu Honda, who went up to the capital as a servant of Kokushi Shinano, took him to Shinano no Kuni, where he was first enshrined in Iida City, Nagano Prefecture, and later relocated to his current location in 642. In 644, a cathedral was built by the request of the edict, and it was named “Zenkoji” after Yoshimitsu Honda. We have been hit by more than a dozen fires since our foundation, but each time we have been reconstructed and protected by the heart of the people who yearn for Tathagata. In 1924 and 1952, tiles with the Kawara-dera Temple（Asuka Village）style of the Hakuho period were discovered in the precincts, and it has become clear that a large-scale temple was erected in this area around the latter half of the 7th century. Edited in the latter half of the Heian period and the latter half of the 12th century, “Irohajisho（Ten volumes）” reports an article showing that the principal image of Zenkoji was known to the center as Japan’s oldest spiritual Buddha in the middle of the 8th century. The first half of the 11th century was also a time when the Pure Land Buddhism became popular, especially among the aristocrats of Kyoto. Along with the rise of the Pure Land Buddhism, a private monk called Zenkoji Saint carried the Buddha, the principal idol, and advocated auspiciousness, spreading the Zenkoji belief among the people while traveling all over the country. In addition, with the expansion of faith, the alter ego Buddha came to be made.）, grew as a post station on the Hokkoku Highway, and developed as the prefectural capital of Nagano Prefecture after the Meiji era. After the war, it made a leap forward as a regional core city with the decentralization of the centralized economy, the development of high-speed transportation networks, and the advent of an highly information-oriented society, and spread its name to the world as the host city of the 1998 Winter Olympics. Motoyoshi Town, Nagano: Zenkoji is an ancient temple that has been protecting the lantern for 1,400 years since its foundation. According to “Zenkoji Engi,” the principal idol, Ikko Sanson Amida Nyorai, is the oldest Buddhist statue in Japan that was introduced from Baekje to Japan in 552 when Buddhism was introduced. This Tathagata was sent down to the area by Yoshimitsu Honda in Shinano no Kuni, and was enshrined in his own house in 642. Shortly thereafter, it is said that Nyorai became a secret Buddha. In 1555, Shingen Takeda, famous for the Battle of Kawanakajima, relocated Nyorai to Kofu, and then Nobunaga, Ieyasu, Hideyoshi and others to Gifu, Hamamatsu, and Kyoto. Nyorai returned to Shinano after 42 years, but this relocation of the principal image also helped spread the Buddha’s virtues to various lands away from Shinano. When the Edo Shogunate was opened, Ieyasu donated the temple territory Sengoku, and the precincts were gradually reconstructed. The world of Taihei continued, and the number of people visiting Zenkoji increased once in a lifetime. Especially, as a temple that consistently preaches equal salvation for men and women, it was a major feature of visiting Zenkoji that there were many female worshipers. Regardless of the sect, Shinshu Zenkoji is a pride of Nagano, the town of Monzen, which is gaining faith as a sacred place that leads to paradise. Zenkoji Monzen-cho is said to be the first town in Shinano. It developed in the Kamakura period, and “Gocho” was established and became the center of Shinano’s politics. During the Edo period, the two major trunk lines of Zenkoji, a distant visitor, were the Zenkoji Highway, which goes north via Matsumoto, and the Hokkoku Highway, which separates from Nakasendo at Oiwake. The Hokkoku Highway, which connects to the Hokuriku Expressway, became a substitute route for the attendance of Kaga Hyakumangoku; one million koku and other Hokuriku Japanese feudal lord, and the passage through Zenkoji became the basis for the development of the town. It seems that the population increased and prospered with the addition of the element of the market. Nagano in the Edo period was commonly known as Zenkoji Town, but it was officially Nagano Village, and it is said that it was a small area that corresponds to the current large character Nagano. It became Nagano Town in 1874, and the city was established in 1897, and Nagano City was born. 4/1. 1897, Birth of Nagano City (Area of Nagano Town, Kamiminochi District) 7/1. 1923, Incorporated Yoshida Town, Serita Village, Komaki Village, Miwa Village, Kamiminochi District. 4/1. 1954, Furusato Village, Yanagihara Village, Asakawa Village, Soy Island Village, Chaoyang Incorporated villages, Wakatsuki village, Naganuma village, Yasumori village, Odagiri village, and Imoi village. 10/16. 1966, Nagano city, Shinonoi city, Matsushiro town, Hanishina district, Wakaho town, Kamitakai district, Kawanakajima town, Kamiminochi District, Kohoku Village, Naniai Village, Kamiminochi District, Shinko Village, Sarashina District merged. 4/1. 1999, Nagano City was ranked up as a core city. 12/22. 2003, Establishment of a regional merger council by Nagano City, Ooka Village, Toyono Town, Togakushi Village, and Kinasa Village. 1/1. 2005, Incorporated Toyono Town, Togakushi Village, Kinasa Village, and Sarashina District Ooka Village. Due to the economic reforms of the Meiji Restoration, the economy shifted from a feudal economy to a capitalist economy, and under the slogan of the wealthy soldiers and the breeding industry, the movement progressed rapidly and extended to rural areas. In Nagano Prefecture, the establishment of Matsumoto’s 117th National Bank began in 1877, and the establishment of private banks also began. In Nagano City, Nagano Bank, Shinano Bank, etc. opened after 1880, and the 19th and 63rd national banks were reorganized into private banks, and the current 82 banks were born by the merger of the two banks in 1931. In terms of transportation, Nagano Station on the Shin-Etsu Line opened in 1888, and the entire section between Tokyo and Naoetsu was opened in 1893. In communication, the postal service started in 1872. Telegraph was established in Ueda and Nagano in 1878, and has since spread to various places. As for the telephone, the local telephone was opened in 1906. Nagano City, which had the functions of a gate town, a post town, and a market town, expanded and developed as a commercial city with an increase in population in the Meiji era. Nagano’s commerce was characterized by a small number of wholesalers and brokers, and a large number of retailers. Among them, it is said that textiles were the main ones. Due to the influence of World War I and the merger in 1923, the economic activity of Nagano City also progressed. As the number of shops and wholesale markets increased, product differentiation progressed, and Western restaurants, rubber shoe dealers, camera dealers, cement dealers, Western washing machines, etc. were born, and securities companies also appeared. In terms of finance, the Nagano City Common People’s Credit Union (predecessor of Nagano Shinkin Bank) was established. With the arrival of the Showa Crisis, the Japanese economy, which has continued to rise since the Meiji era, was hit by the financial crisis in 1927, which was a reaction to the Taisho bubble economy. In the case of Nagano, the silk industry was the main force, so it was hit by the Great Depression in the United States, where raw silk was exported. There were similarities to the current situation, such as reductions in private wages, unpaid payments, reductions in salaries for civil servants, and administrative restructuring. After that, after 1936, the construction of bell spinning factories in Nagano, Ueda, and Maruko became the light of hope. Naturally, the decline as a town in front of the gate was terrible, and the number of guests visiting Zenkoji decreased sharply. With the merger in 1954, the city expanded to 160 km2. Due to the reconstruction of commerce that collapsed during the war, the number of shops in Nagano City increased to about 1,700 in 1951 and about 3,500 in 1958. 1957 Maruzen Department Store and Maruzen Department Store open as large department stores in central Tokyo. The shopping district has entered an era of coexistence and co-prosperity with department stores. Due to the great merger in 1966, the city expanded to an area of 404 km2 and a population of 270,000. High economic growth creates mass production and mass consumption against the backdrop of rising income levels and urbanization of lifestyles, simplification of the wholesale industry due to the need for mass distribution, expansion of large capital and large stores into the retail industry, etc. A revolution will occur and the era of distribution warring states will come. From 1973 to the 1975, large stores such as Ito-Yokado, Daiei, and Jusco lined up in Nagano City. The coexistence and co-prosperity of large stores and general retail stores leads to the creation of an ideal city, but in reality there were several obstacles. In the car society, the shopping streets that do not have parking lots have become worse. Regarding the liberalization of the first sale day (Open on New Year’s Day), it is said that the era of selection has become a reality as consumers are required to think from the standpoint of consumers. In recent years, the stores in Nagano have been in a more difficult situation due to the economic downturn, but they are trying hard to boost commerce that makes the best use of the local characteristics. It is the revitalization of the shopping district and the area centered on tourism resources, Zenkoji Temple, and festivals. It is said that Nagano’s commerce is not pessimistic if it can make good use of tangible and intangible assets to create something unique to Nagano. Commerce has a long history, and its mission never disappears. Large-scale and centralized products are the current trend, but with the diversification of consumer values, it is impossible for only large companies to satisfy all of them, and major companies will respond. It is said that the existence of stores rooted in the community is to meet the needs that cannot be met. Expectations for brilliant future commerce by accurately assessing the situation and its ability to execute. Nagano Olympics Memorial Nagano Marathon: Thousands of people, from top athletes invited from home and abroad to citizen runners, will challenge 42.195 km while enjoying the spring of Shinshu. The Nagano Olympics Memorial Nagano Marathon began in 1999 with the previous “Shinmai Marathon” open to the public in an attempt to convey the excitement of the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics for a long time. Volunteers inside and outside the prefecture supported the operation without interruption of support by waving small flags along the road. Nagano Prefecture Longitudinal Ekiden: A tournament in which 20 people connect vertically long Shinshu with a single sash. The tournament will be held for two days, and on the first day, from the front of the Shinano Mainichi Shimbun headquarters to Ueda City and then to Okaya City. The second day is a course that goes south from Matsumoto Castle to Iida City. From veterans to women to junior high school students, the local national team organized by county city will challenge the varied course with urban areas and passes, and compete for a total time of two days. The highlight of each event is how the thick-layered Nagano City, Zen Suwa, and Iida Shimoina are involved in the ever-winning Kamiina team that achieved V12 in the 2000 tournament. was said that the course was slightly changed after reaching 50 times in the 2001 tournament. Nagano Ebisu Fireworks Festival: The Nagano Ebisu Fireworks Festival, which is one of the largest fireworks festivals in Japan in early winter (November 23), has continued for about 100 years, although it was suspended during the war. Organized by the Nagano Chamber of Commerce. Approximately 4000 fireworks burn the night sky in prayer for the commercial development of Nagano, a town in front of the gate. Due to safety issues, the launch of the two-shoulder ball disappeared from the 1999 tournament due to the progress of residential land in the surrounding area. However, the simultaneous striking of alternative scale balls is also powerful enough. A crowd of people dressed in winter clothes can be seen, filling the banks tightly. Sanada Festival: Matsushiro, a castle town of 100,000 stones of Sanada, is a town with a moist atmosphere, dotted with treasure halls, museums, and old temples, including the ruins of Matsushiro Castle and Sanada House. The Sanada Festival, which is held in the center of the town in autumn, is the largest event in Matsushiro Town, which is visited by around 50,000 people every year. The highlight is the “Matsushiro feudal clan Sanada 100,000 Koku of rice procession”. Residents of the Sanada clan parade through the castle town on palanquins and horses. Nagano Binzuru Festival: In August, the Nagano Citizen’s Festival, which is held with the aim of total participation and total harmony of Nagano citizens, is a general term for festivals centered on binzuru dance in the Nagano, Shinonoi, and Wakaho districts. It started in 1971. Iizuna Fire Festival: Iizuna Plateau is a treasure trove of nature designated as Joshinetsu Plateau National Park, centered on Mt. Iizuna (1,917 m). The Iizuna Fire Festival is held on August 10th every year on this plateau, which is about 25 minutes by car from the city of Nagano. Since ancient times, it has been widely known as the sacred place of Iizuna Daimyojin and prospered as a sacred place for Shugendo. Around Daizahoushi Pond, light and fireworks are fused on the stage of nature to the music. Koshoku / Forest Apricot: Japan’s No. 1 “Anzu no Sato”. It is said that during the Genroku era, the daughter of the Iyo Uwajima feudal lord brought seeds to the Matsushiro feudal lord Yukimichi SANADA to remind her of her hometown. The area is dyed pink, and its beauty is described as 100,000 at a glance. The “Apricot Festival”, which opens at the best time, is crowded with many cherry blossom viewing visitors, but it seems that it is not the only time. In early summer, the fruits are crowded again with people who want fresh orange fruits. A tulip field spreads out at the entrance, and you can enjoy tulip hunting with bulbs from early April to early May. Koshoku Tulip Festival: Held at “Tulip Village” from April to May. Tulip Village is said to be one of the largest private tulip gardens in the world as a “tulip garden where you can dig up bulbs and take them home.” Iiyama Snow Festival: An annual event in Iiyama, a heavy snowfall area in Kita-Shinano. Dozens of snow sculptures made by citizens in various parts of the city, mainly in the city, welcome ski tourists and others. A snow sculpture contest is also held, and the illuminations of the castle ruins park and the snow-viewing lanterns in the city area add to the romantic atmosphere. Iiyama citizens, who usually struggle to remove snow from the roof, will enjoy the treasure snow during the festival. Iiyama Nanohana Festival: The “Nanohana Park” on a small hill on the banks of the Chikuma River in Iiyama City, where the thick snow melts and the late spring begins, is dyed yellow from late April to early May. The scenery of yellow rape blossoms and the Chikuma River, Mt. Madarao with far-flung snow, and Mt. Myoko is a typical spring scenery of Kita-Shinano. The main event of the festival will be held on May 3rd, and it seems to be crowded with beauty pageants, photo sessions, and special product sales. Kurohime Plateau Dog Sledding Tournament: An official race of the International Dog Sledding Federation (IFSS) that started in 1995. It has become an annual event on the Kurohime Plateau in winter, and many teams from inside and outside the prefecture have come to participate. The event is 6-headed, 3-headed, 2-headed, 1-headed, and a fast sled runs through the snow at a speed of 30-40 km / h. There is also a “50 m run with the dog” that does not rank, and you can enjoy the fun of interacting with the dog. Traveler’s guardian deity (traveller) Festival: One of Japan’s three major fire festivals, which is held to pray for a good harvest, good health, and good birth. The highlight is the battle of fire in front of the shrine building made of large beech trees. A violent offense and defense continues for about an hour and a half while the angry men of the yakudoshi who protect the temple and the villagers who attack with a torch are flying around. After the tejime, the shrine is set on fire and the festival culminates. Hina Nakano (It is said that “Nakano Ningyo” began when Eikichi Nara (the first generation) began selling clay dolls he made himself: Nakano clay doll; 九斎市): The clay of Nakano that has been passed down since the Edo period has simplicity and warmth. This is an event that announces spring to Kita-Shinano, and there will be a variety of events such as spot sales of earthenware and special product markets nationwide. The most popular of these is the Nakano 土びな convention. Since the number of handmade products is limited, enthusiasts wait a few days in advance to form a long line and run around to find the product they are looking for as soon as the venue opens. Lake Nojiri Long-distance Swimming Tournament: Lake Nojiri, Lake Nojiri, is about 10 km. Every summer, more than 100 swimmers from inside and outside the prefecture take on the challenge of completing a full swim around the lake. It used to be a long-distance swimming tournament held in Lake Suwa and Lake Biwa, but it is said that only Lake Nojiri has continued since before the war due to the recent pollution of water. Participants apply sunscreen and heat-retaining ointment to their bodies, start from the pier, and spend five to six hours swimming, with most people swimming. The Shinonoi district is located at the southernmost tip of Nagano City. Overlooking the Japanese Alps in the west, the Sugadaira Plateau in the east, the Chikuma River in the south, and the Sai River in the north, in Zenkojidaira surrounded by scenic nature, merged with Nagano City in 1966. As a result, Shinonoi City became the Shinonoi district of Nagano City. The district has developed as a branch point of the Japanese National Railways (currently JR) Shin-Etsu Main Line and Shinonoi Line, and has developed as a core zone along the Chikuma River, which has developed as a transportation hub for National Highways No. 18 and No. 19, and is now located in the southern part of Nagano City. It is an area that plays a sub-center role. The main industry is that a commercial area with a mixture of houses is formed around Shinonoi Station, and roadside commercial facilities, business establishments, factories, etc. are located along the national highway. In addition, apple cultivation became popular from the end of the Meiji era, and it is now a specialty of Nagano’s apples. In terms of culture, the Mt. Chausuyama area, located in the western part of the Shinonoi district, has an animal and botanical garden and a dinosaur park, and is a base for recreation of Nagano citizens. In the eastern part, it is a base for sports and tourism centered on the South Nagano Sports Park, which was the opening and closing ceremony for the 1998 Nagano Olympic Winter Games held in Nagano City. The Kohoku district（Area; Aokijima, Mashima, Oshimada, Inasato）is located on the south side of the Sai River from the central city of Nagano. It was once a peaceful rural area that used fertile sediments, sandwiched between the Sai and Chikuma rivers. In the area where Kenshin Uesugi and Shingen Takeda fought a fierce battle during the Warring States period, the site of the “Battle of Kawanakajima”（It is a general term for five legendary battles during the 12 years from 1553 to 1564, and the 4th battle in 1561 is just right for that name.）was set, and the site of the old battlefield still remains. In recent years, it has become a residential area as a convenient location for transportation where National Highway No. 18 and National Highway No. 19 Nagano-Minami Bypass intersect, and the commercial and industrial infrastructure has been improved, and it seems that it is developing as the times change. “Buna Shimeji mushroom” is brown when freshly picked, but it turns dark brown as the days go by, and its aroma and texture become worse. The shade should be plump and rounded, the shaft should be thick and white, and the whole should be voluminous. It is said that fresh foods that contain a moderate amount of water should feel elastic when pressed from above. Since it is not cultivated in the open field, it is produced throughout the year, but it is produced and shipped according to the amount of consumption depending on the season. It is versatile and is used not only for hot pot dishes but also for various cooking variations such as grilled dishes. The peak shipment volume is in autumn and winter, but mushrooms can be enjoyed throughout the year. Artificial cultivation originated in Nagano prefecture. As a result of research and investigation by the National Cancer Center Research Institute, Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd., Nagano Prefectural Rural Industry Research Institute, etc., it is reported that Buna shimeji has an anticancer effect. In 1970, the Takara Shuzo Central Research Institute (currently Takara Bio) was relocated to Shiga Prefecture. In the same year, we succeeded in artificially cultivating Buna Shimeji mushrooms, and in 1979, we succeeded in developing the first reagent for genetic engineering research in Japan. Expanded genetic engineering research business in 1993. Later, since JA Zen-Noh Nagano started cultivation under an exclusive contract, it has been improved and the delicious shimeji mushrooms as they are today are now lined up in the shop. The Buna shimeji mushrooms Subcommittee has 7 people and the annual shipment quantity is about 9.95 million packs. Subcommittee introduction The characteristic of this subcommittee is that the production volume per member is large. In addition to constantly exchanging production technology information to improve quality, it is said that it is working to ensure proper shipment that meets consumer needs. It is cultivated in Shinonoi and Kohoku districts. “Breeding a New Grape Cultivar ‘Nagano Purple Grapes’ and its Characteristics” A new grape cultivar, ‘Nagano Purple Grape’ is triploid selected from the cross combination of ‘Kyohou Grapes (tetraploid)’ and ‘Rosario Bianco Grapes (diploid)’) at the Nagano Fruit Tree Experiment Station, and released in 2004. The crossing was conducted in 1990, and young embryos were excised from cultured ovules and grown. Its maturation time in Nagano is early September (about 85 days after full bloom). The fruit clusters of ‘Nagano Purple Grapes’ weigh 160–170 g with a loose berry set. The berries are round, weighing 5–6 g. the flesh is crisp, and peeling of the fruit skin is difficult. The fruit is sweet with a low acidity. The flavor is foxy. Fruit cracking has been observed. Two applications of gibberellic acid in 25 ppm solution, at full bloom and 14 days after the first treatment, effectively promote seedlessness and improve the size of clusters and of berries, reaching a weight of 480–490 g and 13–14 g, respectively. The gibberellic acid treatments effectively reduced the occurence of fruit cracking. Because it is easy to develop flower clusters on shoots, ‘Nagano Purple Grapes’ is considered to be a suitable cultivar for the short cane pruning method. (Nagano Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Horticultural research (Japan) 2009) The greatest features, it is a large grape that has no seeds and can be eaten up to the skin. Twice (from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries variety registration website), Application Number 13414 Date of Application 2001/03/28 Date of Publication of Application 2001/10/12 Registration No.12074. Kourgan Grapes) × (Parkent Grapes) ≒ M.T.C (European species) It changes from rosy to bright red and later to purple-red. I hear that it is easy to color. However, the shelf life is a little weak for a European species difficulty is that the skin is thin and the fruit is easily split, resulting in excellent fertility. The fruit is good, the parthenocarpy has few grains, and the fruit stalk is long.) The color is purple-black, and the fruit is round and medium-sized. The spread of the tree is medium, and the vigor of the tree is strong. The thickness of mature shoots is thick and yellowish brown, and the cross-section between internodes is elliptical. The shape of the surface is striate, the tip of the shoot is red to purple-red, and the tendrils are 2. The epiphytic number of spikes is medium, the flower is bisexual, and the amount of pollen is medium. The shape of the mature leaf blade is pentagonal, the number of lobes is 5, the shape of the cross section of the leaf blade is wavy, the shape of the serrated edge of the leaf is straight on both sides, the petiole cleft and the adult leaf upper cleft generally overlap, The size of mature leaves is large, the color of the upper surface is pale red with dark green petioles, the density of fluff between the veins on the lower surface of mature leaves is none to extremely coarse, the density of fluff on the lower main veins is coarse, and the density of fluff on the petiole is coarse. The density is none to very coarse, the ratio of petiole length to midrib is short, and petiole thickness is medium. The peduncle is thick, long, and pale green in color. The shape of the fruit cluster is branched cone, the size is small, the length is long, the graining is coarse, the peduncle is thin, the length is medium, and the color is yellowish green. The shape of the fruit is circular, the size is medium, the color of the fruit is blue-black or purple-black, the amount of powder is more or less, the thickness of the fruit is slightly thin, the peel and pulp are difficult to separate, the flesh is not colored, and the flesh is fleshy. It is disintegrating, high in sweetness and low in sourness. It has no to very little astringency, and the aroma is foxy (methyl anthranilate: C8H9NO2: NEROLI; FEMA 2682; Nevoli oil; 2-AMinobenzoic; Methyl antranilate; Methyl anthanilate; methyl anthranlate; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; Carbomethoxyaniline; anthranylate）, Juice is more or less, seeds are less in number, short in shape and medium in size. The budding and flowering periods are medium, and the maturity period is early, in early September in growing areas. Difficulty of fruit coloration is medium, more or less flowering, more or less non-core grain mixed, more or less cracked fruit, strong peduncle, strong peduncle and berries. Separation is difficult. “Kyoho Grape: Tetraploid (a grape grown in Japan for eating raw. Its fruit is larger than other varieties of grapes. It is the origin of the “King of Grapes”. GA; It is cultivated with gibberellin treatment and has almost no seeds Taisho. It is a hybrid of the “Wase Ishihara grape”, a branch substitute of the “Campbell-early grape” discovered in the early 19th century, and the Australian variety “Centennial grape”. It is large, has a luster and luster like amethyst (Graduations of color: purple: amethyst), and is characterized by both sugar content and acidity, as well as a fragrant and rich taste. In addition to polyphenols, the pulp contains brain functions. It contains many new substances of interest, “Pentapeptide” (a substance in which five amino acids are linked), which is expected to play a major role in improving Centennial grapes: (European grape Vitis vinifera × American grape Vitis labrusca), This excellent agricultural product was applied for registration under the Agricultural Seeds Act in 1953, and in 1954 the Patent Office In the following year, 1955, Mr. Yasushi of the Oinoue Institute of Science and Agriculture (Kamishiraiwa, Izu City, Shizuoka Prefecture: Yasushi Oinoue Academic Archives) was registered as a trademark for “Kyoho Grapes” and “Pione Grapes: Tetraploid (It has a stronger aroma than Kyoho grapes and tends to keep for a long time. It has a strong sweetness and refreshing acidity. It contains abundant juice from its large size. Because it is cultivated after being treated with gibberellin, it has almost no seeds. In 1957, Hideo Igawa (1896-1986) of Kawanishi Village, Shizuoka Prefecture (currently Izunokuni City) developed Kyoho Grape × Canon Hall Muscat (a tetraploid branch change of Muscat of Alexandria) : (Kazuo Kozato, the director of Shizuoka Prefectural Botanical Garden at the time, took over the scion in 1953.) In 1968, it was grown from the famous Mt. Ashitaka in front of Mt. In 1973, the rights to “Pione Grapes” were transferred to the Yamanashi Prefectural Orchard Association, and the seeds were registered by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 2004/06/04, Duration of breeder’s right, 25 years, Variety registrant, Nagano Prefecture (Nagano City). If you eat a bunch, you can get the same amount as one bottle of red wine. That is a kind of resveratrol (C14H12O3: polyphenol:stilbenoid). by plants in response to pathogens, and biologically active metabolites produced by endophyte are beneficial to plant growth. There are many trials to utilize these biologically active substances for plant disease control. On the other hand, some of these substances are toxic to mammals experienced ryegrass staggers of cattle caused by endophyte infected ryegrass straw. In this review, toxicities of phytoalexins and endophyte related substances to animals are overviewed. Furthermore, toxic substances found in false smut balls in rice plant are cited. of Animal Health, NARO, proceedings of the Japanese Association of Mycotoxicology 2006). Anti-aging effects: Resveratrol; C14H12O3