【製品名(商品名)】
あきづき
【種類】
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai var. culta (Mak.) Nakai
【生産地】
秋田県（皇極, 斉明天皇「齶田」）
【名前の由来】
It has a strong sweetness and a soft texture. It was named because it has beautiful round skin like the autumn moon.
【主な特徴】
In Akita Prefecture, Kaba craftsmanship (a craft made using the bark of wild cherry trees) is designated as a nationally designated traditional craft. It is widely used as a traditional craft both in name and reality. Representative products include tea utensils such as Japanese tea caddies and Japanese tea boxes, box to hold letters, tea chests, brooches, tiepins, etc.), Kawatsura lacquerware (Yuzawa City) This lacquerware has a history of about 800 years. It is now used daily for bowls, multi-tiered boxes, etc.The manufacturing process is mainly in the order of making the wood base, applying the base, painting, and decorating. It seems that strong pottery is made by applying unrefined lacquer over and over again.), Odate Magewappa (using natural Akita cedar, which is said to be one of Japan’s three most beautiful forests, as a raw material) In Akita, where there is a lot of snow, the growth of trees slows down due to the cold weather, and not only does the width of the annual rings become tighter, but the tree grows straighter, increasing its strength and durability.), Akita cedar barrels is specified. In addition, as traditional crafts designated by the prefecture, four nationally designated items are duplicated, Kawatsura Kokeshi, Itaya work, Akita silver wire work, Omagari fireworks, Nakayama dolls (produced in Yokote City, local In 1979, the clay bell made of sheep was used as a design for New Year’s postage stamps, and it became known all over Japan. It has a good reputation for its coloring, and is popular as a representative doll of Yokote.).
Akita Prefecture is located in the northwestern part of the Tohoku region. The western part of the prefecture faces the Sea of Japan side, the Ou Mountains in the east, the Shirakami Mountains in the north, the Hinoto Mountains and the Kamuro Mountains in the south, and are surrounded by mountains on three sides. In the central part of the prefecture, there is the Dewa Mountains in the north and south, and the area of the prefecture is the sixth in the whole country, but due to the mountainous terrain, most of the flat land is in the basins of the Yoneshiro and Omono rivers. The Omono River basin, which flows through the southeastern part of the prefecture, has a Yokote basin that stretches about 60 km north-south and about 15 km east-west. The Senboku Plain is formed by the alluvial fan of the Sainai River, Kawaguchi River, Maruko River, etc., which originates in the Ou Mountains on the east side, and the floodplain of the Tamagawa River, which is the largest tributary of the Omono River that flows through the western edge of the plain. The western part of the prefecture faces the Sea of Japan, and the eastern prefectural border is the Ou Mountains extending from north to south. The climate of the prefecture is a typical Sea of Japan climate. In winter, the cold air of the Siberian air masses from the Asian continent is warmed from the lower layers and becomes moist as it blows through the Sea of Japan where warm currents flow. Then, it is forced to rise in the Ou Mountains, and cumulonimbus clouds develop, causing stagnation and snow. For this reason, snow is less in the coastal areas and more in the inland areas, making the Yokote Basin one of the most heavy snowfall areas. During the rainy season, there are more sunshine hours than on the Pacific side, and sunny days often continue, but it seems that there are years when heavy rains occur at the end of the rainy season. In summer, unlike the Pacific region where the wind from the moist sea blows, there are many sunny days, high temperatures, and many midsummer days and tropical nights. The cold airflow cold pacific wind (in the tohoku region in summer), which causes cold damage to northern Japan in the summer, is blocked by the Ou Mountains, so it is said that it will be hardly affected except for a part of the northern part of the prefecture. The famous Semboku Plain is now one of the leading agricultural areas not only in the prefecture but also in the Tohoku region. Before Showa’s large-scale clearing and agricultural irrigation projects, it seems that it was a wilderness with virgin forests spread out and wet fields scattered between them. Today’s agricultural development is inherited as a result of the tireless efforts of many ancestors. After the transfer to Akita in 1602, the Satake clan conducted land surveying, which is the basis for calculating annual tribute, and encouraged the development of newly reclaimed rice fields. It seems that the crop yield increased 1.4 times in the clan from 1625 to 1713. However, in the Senboku region, many areas are occupied by mountains, and because of the alluvial fan, the altitude difference is large and the water supply is inconvenient, so development was delayed compared to other areas. Since 1705 in the middle of the Edo period, the farming villages have been exhausted due to frequent famines and bad crops of Horeki, Tenmei, and Tenmei, and the development of newly reclaimed rice field has stagnated. It seems that they have implemented policies such as exemption and exemption for cultivated people and provision of benefits. By the 1870s, the area of open fields had started to increase. As a development in the Senboku area, in 1825, Yoshihiro Satake, the lord of the Akita feudal clan, set up a weir in Tamagawa, which is located in Hirokuuchi, Shiraiwa Village (currently Kakunodate, Senboku City). The weir (called Oseki) was excavated, and about 3,000 town walks (1 town walk = about 0.9917 ha) were planned to be opened. It was started in 1825 and completed in 1833. As a result, it was used as supplementary water for Furuta along with the development of a newly reclaimed rice field of about 200 ha in the forest wilderness. This seems to be the beginning of the current Tazawa sosui. After the completion of the canal, it was used while repairing and improving due to the collapse of the waterway, but it seems that the waterway including the Tamagawa weir was destroyed by the 1854 flood. Akita Prefecture was born in 1871. In the early Meiji era, the Meiji government implemented measures such as the return of the samurai to farming and the promulgation of the Land Tax Reform Ordinance, and promoted the breeding industry promotion measures. It seems that agricultural promotion (agricultural promotion measures) was also promoted by introducing Western farming methods and granting improvement funds. In Akita Prefecture in the early Meiji era, rather than the land reclamation and agricultural irrigation development seen in the late Tokugawa period, the agricultural technology aspect including the seedling exchange meeting that started in 1878 (the 134th Akita Prefecture Seedling Exchange Meeting was held in 2011). The promotion measures in Akita were the main focus. In the latter half of the Meiji era, the government promulgated the Land Consolidation Law in 1899, promoted a new technology, the dry rice cultivation method, and turned to aggressive agricultural policy. In the same year, the Agricultural Association Law was enacted, and an organization to disseminate agricultural technology was formed in rural areas. In 1904 and 1905, the prefecture promulgated three prefectural ordinances: compost building restructuring rules, paddy rice drying implementation rules, and dry field implementation rules, and it seems that reforms were promoted more compulsorily. However, despite the efforts of the enthusiastic leaders and promoters of Makoto Inada at that time, farmers relied on conventional farming methods and it was essential to secure irrigation water (water source). It seems that it was only about 69% in all prefectures in 1914. By 1918, due to the promotion of dry field horse cultivation, cultivated land consolidation, agricultural association (agricultural technology dissemination), etc. It seems that it has been completed or is under construction. The conversion of agricultural land began to stand out from the middle of the Taisho era, and it became necessary to replenish the agricultural land. Due to the tight supply and demand of food, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry at that time made a land use plan for land suitable for mass reclamation nationwide. In the prefecture, land use plans were made for two districts outside Jindai Village and Shiraiwa Village and nine other towns and villages in the Senboku area, but this plan uses Lake Tazawa, Tamagawa, and a new reservoir as water sources. , It seems that it was to open 1,640ha of rice fields. It happened that Tohoku Shinko Denryoku Co., Ltd. was established in April 1936, and it will start a power generation business in Tamagawa by adjusting the river water of Lake Tazawa and Tamagawa. In order to make the water use plan compatible with the land reclamation plan, discussions were concluded between the three ministries of the time, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Communications, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The state-owned Tazawa sosui reclamation project was started. Since then, I heard that the Tamagawa River basin has been adjusted for water use by this Tamagawa River Water Control Plan, and that the land reclamation and water use projects have been implemented according to the needs of the times. After the end of the war in August 1945, in the face of a severe food crisis, various projects were promoted to promote development with the aim of increasing food production, war damage, and employment measures for overseas repatriates. In the 1955s, the movement to expand the management scale from the development became active, and in order to expand the management scale by creating agricultural land, improve the agricultural structure and foster independent management, the irrigation facilities from the core to the end were integrated. The pioneering pilot project system was established as a model project to be constructed, and it seems that state-owned and prefectural projects were implemented. In the Senboku Plain, the state-owned second Tazawa reclamation construction project seems to have been carried out as the first district in Japan. In the Senboku Plain, which straddles Daisen City, Senboku City, and Misato Town, Senboku District in the southern part of Akita Prefecture, land-use crops such as soybeans, mainly paddy rice, as well as edamame and asparagus（In addition to the usual summer and autumn harvest seasons (July to October), winter cultivation is also carried out using the house. I heard that they are also working on the production of mini asparagus because it is “just right for children’s lunch boxes.”）are combined for complex farming. Is being done. Rice cultivation is the main crop in the prefecture. More than 70% of the paddy rice (Uruchi rice; non-glutinous rice) varieties that are cultivated are “Akitakomachi Rice”. The prefecture has prospered from ancient times with agriculture, mining, and forestry as its main industries. Agriculture is a rice-producing region, mining is one of the leading mining prefectures in Japan such as “Hospital Ginzan” and “Ani Mine（In 1716, it became the number one copper producer in Japan and accounted for a major part of Nagasaki’s export copper. It became a clan of the Kubota domain from the mine, and after becoming a government-owned mine in the first year of the Meiji era, it was sold to Ichibei Furukawa in 1885.）”, which reached its peak at the end of the Edo period, and forestry is a high-quality Akita with one of the largest forest areas in Japan. It seems that it has made great progress by supplying cedar all over the country. Looking at the ratio of the primary industry to the gross domestic product in 1955, it is in the mid 30% range, which is much higher than the national average (a little less than 20%), and the region has extremely blessed resources nationwide. I hear that it has developed under that foundation. However, agriculture has been closed one after another since the mid-1980s due to the effects of the slump in international copper prices and the appreciation of the yen, due to the country’s anti-reduction policy, the influx of cheap foreign rice, and the shortage of successors. The forestry industry has been sluggish due to a decrease in demand mainly due to the influx of cheap foreign timber, and the proportion of the primary industry has declined significantly in recent years. It is said that the industry that has emerged in place of these is electrical machinery. Before the war, a major electrical machinery manufacturer set up its first manufacturing base in the prefecture, and now the concentration of companies engaged in the production of electronic components is increasing, making it a leading industry in the local industry. Looking at the characteristics of the industry from the composition ratio of the prefecture’s total production by industry, from the history, the ratio of the primary industry centered on agriculture is higher than the national ratio, and in addition to rice, “Hinai Chicken” and “Arctoscopus japonicus”, It has national specialties such as “Akita beef”. In addition, the ratio of the tertiary industry is slightly higher than that of the whole country, and the ratio of the wholesale / retail industry is lower than that of the whole country, while the ratio of the government service industry is much higher than that of the whole country. On the other hand, the ratio of the secondary industry is lower than that of the whole country, and the breakdown shows that the ratio of the construction industry is higher than that of the whole country, but the ratio of the manufacturing industry is lower than that of the whole country. Food products, which have the second largest ratio after electrical machinery in the manufacturing industry, are one of the major industries in the prefecture due to the strength of the primary industry in this prefecture, such as the highest production of sake in Japan. That’s it. Looking at the economic scale of the prefecture, it seems that the national share of basic economic indicators such as the prefecture’s gross domestic product, the value of manufactured goods shipped, and the number of business establishments is less than 1%. However, in recent years, we have fostered automobile-related companies and industries that are expected to grow, fostered wind power generation industries that utilize the blessed wind resources of the region, and supported conversion to “aggressive agriculture, forestry and fisheries” including the sixth sector. Industrial measures that transcend the boundaries of industry, government, and academia are being developed for regional revitalization, and revitalization measures that utilize the prefecture’s abundant resources and a wide variety of physical and intellectual property accumulated from the past. I hear that is progressing. The prefecture is one of the most popular folk songs in Japan, and there are many songs that sang the local Akita that caught our hearts. How many times have I been healed during difficult times? The Japanese pear variety “Akizuki Pear” is a slightly Okute type red pear. Compared to existing varieties that mature after “Hosui Pear”, the fruit appearance is good and the fruit quality is excellent. The tree vigor is strong and the density of branch shoots is high. The epiphytes of short fruit branches are medium, and the epiphytes of flower buds are large. The maturity period in the breeding ground (Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture) is generally in the middle and late September, and it is harvested between “Hosui Pear” and “Niitaka Pear”, and the yield seems to be about the same as both varieties. It is resistant to black spot disease (Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype), and it is said that the conventional control of red pear is sufficient for scab and other pests. The fruits are oblate and the skin color is yellow-reddish brown. The size is about 500 g, which is smaller than “Niitaka” but bigger than “Hosui Pear”. The flesh hardness is about 4 lbs（It is known that the hardness of fruits decreases as they mature and becomes the lowest toward the beginning of the harvesting period.）, which is about the same as “Hosui Pear”, and the sugar content is about 12%, which is about the same as “Hosui Pear”. The pH（It is the concentration of hydrogen ions, not the concentration of “hydrogen”.）of the juice is around 5.0, and it seems that the taste is not sour. Almost no heart rot occurs. Depending on the location and year, water-soaked pulp disorders and corkism pulp disorders may occur. The shelf life is about 10 days at room temperature of 25 ° C, which is shorter than “Niitaka Pear” and seems to be about “Hosui Pear”. When the relationship between the amount of fertilizer applied and the flesh disorder was investigated, the occurrence of cork-like disorders increased in the fertilizer-rich area (N44 kg / 10 a), and the occurrence of water immersion disorders increased in the nitrogen-free area (N0 kg / 10 a). Therefore, it is effective to reduce the nitrogen application rate in fields where many cork-like disorders occur, and to prevent nitrogen shortage by topdressing at a time when the sugar content is not affected in fields where water immersion disorders occur. It is thought that the delay in the ripening period of cork-like flesh disorder is a factor that promotes the occurrence, but it seems that the occurrence of cork-like flesh disorder can be reduced by accelerating the ripening period by spraying etephone. If the preliminary fruit thinning is delayed, the occurrence of cork-like pulp damage becomes severe, so it is presumed that it is preferable to perform the preliminary fruit thinning at an early stage（From NARO）. From the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries variety registration: Application number 10855 Date of application 1998/04/09 Date of publication of application 1999/03/18 Registration number 9401 Date of registration 2001/10/18 Duration of breeder’s right 25 years Extinction date of breeder’s right Variety Name and address of registrant National Research and Development Corporation Agriculture and Food Industry Technology Research Organization (Kannondai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture): Name of the person who bred the registered varieties, Mr. Hiroshi Machida, Mr. Kazuo Toshi, Mr. Yoshihiko Sato, Mr. Kazuyuki Abe, Mr. Kurihara, Mr. Tatsushi Ogata, Mr. Toshihiro Saito, Mr. Terai, Mr. Toyohide Nishihata, Mr. Teruo Kozono, Mr. Hiroyuki Fukuda, Mr. Takeshi Kihara, Mr. Katsushige Suzuki, Restrictions on exports, no designated countries. This variety was cultivated by crossing “162-29 (“Niitaka Pear” × “Hosui Pear”)” with ”Kosui Pear”, and the fruit shape was flat, the fruit size was large, and the skin color was It is a slightly late-maturing variety that matures in late September in the yellow-red-brown breeding ground (Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture). Tree shape is medium, shoot length is medium, thickness is thick, internode length is short, lenticel size is medium, shoot color is light green-brown, short fruit branch is medium, flower bud The shape of is elliptical and the size is small. The shape of the adult leaf is egg, the shape of the tip is sharp, the shape of the base is elliptical, the angle of the serrations on the leaf edge is blunt, the leaf size and petiole length are medium, and the petiole ratio is large. The size of the petals is medium, the color of the flower just before flowering is white, the shape is an egg, the number of cuts is small, the color is white, and the presence or absence of pollen is present. Fruit shape is oblate, fruit shape index and stalk depth are medium, wide, stalk depth and width are medium, with or without fruit, fruit size is large, pericarp color Is yellow-reddish-brown, the size of the fruit is medium, the density is dense, and the rough surface of the fruit is medium. The length and thickness of the fruit stalk are medium, and the presence or absence of a stalk is absent. The shape of the fruit core is short spindle, the size is medium, the color of the flesh is white, the hardness is soft, the coarseness is dense, the browning of the cut is medium, the sweetness is high, the acidity is weak, the aroma is low, and the juice is a little. Many, seed shape is egg, medium size. The flowering period is late, the maturity period is slightly late, and in the growing area, late September, late fruit drop is absent to slight, fruit cracking is absent, and storability is medium. Compared to “Kosui Pear”, the flower color is white, the fruit is large, the maturity period is late, etc., and compared to “Hosui Pear”, the flower color is white and the fruit shape is oblate. Compared to “Ikusui Pear（Approximately 100 years after the birth of Chojuro Pear, Mr. Ota, who lives in Kawasaki City, raised this new variety from a hybrid of Hosui Pear flowers and pollen from the 20th century, and was registered in 2001. It was named after the pear of Ikuta, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture. The size is as large as 500g-700g, and although it has a slightly sour taste, it is a sweet and delicious variety. It is cultivated in Kawasaki City, but it seems that it is sold only at the direct sales office because the trees are young and the yield is small. The city seems to be working on environmental protection agriculture. It is an eco-friendly and sustainable agriculture by reducing the proper use and amount of chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. Date of application 1997/09/10 Date of publication of application 1999/02/01 Registration number 8738 Date of registration 2001/03/13 Duration of breeder’s rights 25 years Extinction date of breeder’s rights 2014/03 / 14 Name and address of cultivar registrant Yusuke Ota (Ikuta, Tama Ward, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture): Name of the person who bred the registered cultivar Mr. Yusuke Ota. This variety was cultivated by crossing “Hosui Pear” with “Nijisseiki Pear”, and has a flat fruit shape, a large fruit size, and a yellow-reddish-brown fruit skin color (Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture). In (city), it is a slightly late-maturing variety that matures in mid-September. The tree is slightly upright, the length, thickness, internode length and lenticel size of the shoots are medium, the color of the shoots is blackish brown, the number of short fruit branches is large, and the shape of the flower buds is oblong. The size is rather large. The shape of the mature leaf is elliptical, the shape of the tip is medium, the shape of the base is circular, the angle of the serrations on the leaf edge and the size of the leaf are medium, the length of the petiole is slightly short, and the ratio of petioles is medium. The size of the petals is medium, the color of the flower just before flowering is white, the shape is an egg, the number of cuts is small, the color of the petals is white, and the presence or absence of pollen is present. The shape of the fruit is oblate, the fruit shape index is medium, the depth of the stem is a little deep, the size is medium, the depth is a little deep, the size is medium, the presence or absence of fruit is mixed, the size of the fruit The size of the fruit is large, the color of the peel is yellow-reddish brown, the size of the fruit points is slightly large, the density is dense, and the rough smoothness of the fruit surface is rough. The length of the fruit stalk is medium, the thickness is thick, and there is no stalk. The shape of the fruit core is long heart, the size is small, the color of the flesh is white, the hardness is medium, the density is dense, the browning of the cut end is light, the sweetness is slightly high, the acidity is weak, the aroma is slightly low, and the fruit juice Somewhat many, seed shape is long egg, size is a little large. The flowering period is a little late, the maturity period is a little late, and in the growing area, it is mid-September. Compared to “Hosui”, the fruit core is smaller, and compared to “Niitaka Pear”, the distinction is recognized by the presence of pollen, the smaller fruit core, and the absence of fruit cracking.）”, it has a wider stem and a larger fruit core, which makes it distinctive.
Akita Prefecture is located in the northwestern part of the Tohoku region. The western part of the prefecture faces the Sea of Japan side, the Ou Mountains in the east, the Shirakami Mountains in the north, the Hinoto Mountains and the Kamuro Mountains in the south, and are surrounded by mountains on three sides. In the central part of the prefecture, there is the Dewa Mountains in the north and south, and the area of the prefecture is the sixth in the whole country, but due to the mountainous terrain, most of the flat land is in the basins of the Yoneshiro and Omono rivers. The Omono River basin, which flows through the southeastern part of the prefecture, has a Yokote basin that stretches about 60 km north-south and about 15 km east-west. The Senboku Plain is formed by the alluvial fan of the Sainai River, Kawaguchi River, Maruko River, etc., which originates in the Ou Mountains on the east side, and the floodplain of the Tamagawa River, which is the largest tributary of the Omono River that flows through the western edge of the plain. The western part of the prefecture faces the Sea of Japan, and the eastern prefectural border is the Ou Mountains extending from north to south. The climate of the prefecture is a typical Sea of Japan climate. In winter, the cold air of the Siberian air masses from the Asian continent is warmed from the lower layers and becomes moist as it blows through the Sea of Japan where warm currents flow. Then, it is forced to rise in the Ou Mountains, and cumulonimbus clouds develop, causing stagnation and snow. For this reason, snow is less in the coastal areas and more in the inland areas, making the Yokote Basin one of the most heavy snowfall areas. During the rainy season, there are more sunshine hours than on the Pacific side, and sunny days often continue, but it seems that there are years when heavy rains occur at the end of the rainy season. In summer, unlike the Pacific region where the wind from the moist sea blows, there are many sunny days, high temperatures, and many midsummer days and tropical nights. The cold airflow cold pacific wind (in the tohoku region in summer), which causes cold damage to northern Japan in the summer, is blocked by the Ou Mountains, so it is said that it will be hardly affected except for a part of the northern part of the prefecture. The famous Semboku Plain is now one of the leading agricultural areas not only in the prefecture but also in the Tohoku region. Before Showa’s large-scale clearing and agricultural irrigation projects, it seems that it was a wilderness with virgin forests spread out and wet fields scattered between them. Today’s agricultural development is inherited as a result of the tireless efforts of many ancestors. After the transfer to Akita in 1602, the Satake clan conducted land surveying, which is the basis for calculating annual tribute, and encouraged the development of newly reclaimed rice fields. It seems that the crop yield increased 1.4 times in the clan from 1625 to 1713. However, in the Senboku region, many areas are occupied by mountains, and because of the alluvial fan, the altitude difference is large and the water supply is inconvenient, so development was delayed compared to other areas. Since 1705 in the middle of the Edo period, the farming villages have been exhausted due to frequent famines and bad crops of Horeki, Tenmei, and Tenmei, and the development of newly reclaimed rice field has stagnated. It seems that they have implemented policies such as exemption and exemption for cultivated people and provision of benefits. By the 1870s, the area of open fields had started to increase. As a development in the Senboku area, in 1825, Yoshihiro Satake, the lord of the Akita feudal clan, set up a weir in Tamagawa, which is located in Hirokuuchi, Shiraiwa Village (currently Kakunodate, Senboku City). The weir (called Oseki) was excavated, and about 3,000 town walks (1 town walk = about 0.9917 ha) were planned to be opened. It was started in 1825 and completed in 1833. As a result, it was used as supplementary water for Furuta along with the development of a newly reclaimed rice field of about 200 ha in the forest wilderness. This seems to be the beginning of the current Tazawa sosui. After the completion of the canal, it was used while repairing and improving due to the collapse of the waterway, but it seems that the waterway including the Tamagawa weir was destroyed by the 1854 flood. Akita Prefecture was born in 1871. In the early Meiji era, the Meiji government implemented measures such as the return of the samurai to farming and the promulgation of the Land Tax Reform Ordinance, and promoted the breeding industry promotion measures. It seems that agricultural promotion (agricultural promotion measures) was also promoted by introducing Western farming methods and granting improvement funds. In Akita Prefecture in the early Meiji era, rather than the land reclamation and agricultural irrigation development seen in the late Tokugawa period, the agricultural technology aspect including the seedling exchange meeting that started in 1878 (the 134th Akita Prefecture Seedling Exchange Meeting was held in 2011). The promotion measures in Akita were the main focus. In the latter half of the Meiji era, the government promulgated the Land Consolidation Law in 1899, promoted a new technology, the dry rice cultivation method, and turned to aggressive agricultural policy. In the same year, the Agricultural Association Law was enacted, and an organization to disseminate agricultural technology was formed in rural areas. In 1904 and 1905, the prefecture promulgated three prefectural ordinances: compost building restructuring rules, paddy rice drying implementation rules, and dry field implementation rules, and it seems that reforms were promoted more compulsorily. However, despite the efforts of the enthusiastic leaders and promoters of Makoto Inada at that time, farmers relied on conventional farming methods and it was essential to secure irrigation water (water source). It seems that it was only about 69% in all prefectures in 1914. By 1918, due to the promotion of dry field horse cultivation, cultivated land consolidation, agricultural association (agricultural technology dissemination), etc. It seems that it has been completed or is under construction. The conversion of agricultural land began to stand out from the middle of the Taisho era, and it became necessary to replenish the agricultural land. Due to the tight supply and demand of food, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry at that time made a land use plan for land suitable for mass reclamation nationwide. In the prefecture, land use plans were made for two districts outside Jindai Village and Shiraiwa Village and nine other towns and villages in the Senboku area, but this plan uses Lake Tazawa, Tamagawa, and a new reservoir as water sources. , It seems that it was to open 1,640ha of rice fields. It happened that Tohoku Shinko Denryoku Co., Ltd. was established in April 1936, and it will start a power generation business in Tamagawa by adjusting the river water of Lake Tazawa and Tamagawa. In order to make the water use plan compatible with the land reclamation plan, discussions were concluded between the three ministries of the time, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Communications, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The state-owned Tazawa sosui reclamation project was started. Since then, I heard that the Tamagawa River basin has been adjusted for water use by this Tamagawa River Water Control Plan, and that the land reclamation and water use projects have been implemented according to the needs of the times. After the end of the war in August 1945, in the face of a severe food crisis, various projects were promoted to promote development with the aim of increasing food production, war damage, and employment measures for overseas repatriates. In the 1955s, the movement to expand the management scale from the development became active, and in order to expand the management scale by creating agricultural land, improve the agricultural structure and foster independent management, the irrigation facilities from the core to the end were integrated. The pioneering pilot project system was established as a model project to be constructed, and it seems that state-owned and prefectural projects were implemented. In the Senboku Plain, the state-owned second Tazawa reclamation construction project seems to have been carried out as the first district in Japan. In the Senboku Plain, which straddles Daisen City, Senboku City, and Misato Town, Senboku District in the southern part of Akita Prefecture, land-use crops such as soybeans, mainly paddy rice, as well as edamame and asparagus（In addition to the usual summer and autumn harvest seasons (July to October), winter cultivation is also carried out using the house. I heard that they are also working on the production of mini asparagus because it is “just right for children’s lunch boxes.”）are combined for complex farming. Is being done. Rice cultivation is the main crop in the prefecture. More than 70% of the paddy rice (Uruchi rice; non-glutinous rice) varieties that are cultivated are “Akitakomachi Rice”. The prefecture has prospered from ancient times with agriculture, mining, and forestry as its main industries. Agriculture is a rice-producing region, mining is one of the leading mining prefectures in Japan such as “Hospital Ginzan” and “Ani Mine（In 1716, it became the number one copper producer in Japan and accounted for a major part of Nagasaki’s export copper. It became a clan of the Kubota domain from the mine, and after becoming a government-owned mine in the first year of the Meiji era, it was sold to Ichibei Furukawa in 1885.）”, which reached its peak at the end of the Edo period, and forestry is a high-quality Akita with one of the largest forest areas in Japan. It seems that it has made great progress by supplying cedar all over the country. Looking at the ratio of the primary industry to the gross domestic product in 1955, it is in the mid 30% range, which is much higher than the national average (a little less than 20%), and the region has extremely blessed resources nationwide. I hear that it has developed under that foundation. However, agriculture has been closed one after another since the mid-1980s due to the effects of the slump in international copper prices and the appreciation of the yen, due to the country’s anti-reduction policy, the influx of cheap foreign rice, and the shortage of successors. The forestry industry has been sluggish due to a decrease in demand mainly due to the influx of cheap foreign timber, and the proportion of the primary industry has declined significantly in recent years. It is said that the industry that has emerged in place of these is electrical machinery. Before the war, a major electrical machinery manufacturer set up its first manufacturing base in the prefecture, and now the concentration of companies engaged in the production of electronic components is increasing, making it a leading industry in the local industry. Looking at the characteristics of the industry from the composition ratio of the prefecture’s total production by industry, from the history, the ratio of the primary industry centered on agriculture is higher than the national ratio, and in addition to rice, “Hinai Chicken” and “Arctoscopus japonicus”, It has national specialties such as “Akita beef”. In addition, the ratio of the tertiary industry is slightly higher than that of the whole country, and the ratio of the wholesale / retail industry is lower than that of the whole country, while the ratio of the government service industry is much higher than that of the whole country. On the other hand, the ratio of the secondary industry is lower than that of the whole country, and the breakdown shows that the ratio of the construction industry is higher than that of the whole country, but the ratio of the manufacturing industry is lower than that of the whole country. Food products, which have the second largest ratio after electrical machinery in the manufacturing industry, are one of the major industries in the prefecture due to the strength of the primary industry in this prefecture, such as the highest production of sake in Japan. That’s it. Looking at the economic scale of the prefecture, it seems that the national share of basic economic indicators such as the prefecture’s gross domestic product, the value of manufactured goods shipped, and the number of business establishments is less than 1%. However, in recent years, we have fostered automobile-related companies and industries that are expected to grow, fostered wind power generation industries that utilize the blessed wind resources of the region, and supported conversion to “aggressive agriculture, forestry and fisheries” including the sixth sector. Industrial measures that transcend the boundaries of industry, government, and academia are being developed for regional revitalization, and revitalization measures that utilize the prefecture’s abundant resources and a wide variety of physical and intellectual property accumulated from the past. I hear that is progressing. The prefecture is one of the most popular folk songs in Japan, and there are many songs that sang the local Akita that caught our hearts. How many times have I been healed during difficult times? The Japanese pear variety “Akizuki Pear” is a slightly Okute type red pear. Compared to existing varieties that mature after “Hosui Pear”, the fruit appearance is good and the fruit quality is excellent. The tree vigor is strong and the density of branch shoots is high. The epiphytes of short fruit branches are medium, and the epiphytes of flower buds are large. The maturity period in the breeding ground (Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture) is generally in the middle and late September, and it is harvested between “Hosui Pear” and “Niitaka Pear”, and the yield seems to be about the same as both varieties. It is resistant to black spot disease (Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype), and it is said that the conventional control of red pear is sufficient for scab and other pests. The fruits are oblate and the skin color is yellow-reddish brown. The size is about 500 g, which is smaller than “Niitaka” but bigger than “Hosui Pear”. The flesh hardness is about 4 lbs（It is known that the hardness of fruits decreases as they mature and becomes the lowest toward the beginning of the harvesting period.）, which is about the same as “Hosui Pear”, and the sugar content is about 12%, which is about the same as “Hosui Pear”. The pH（It is the concentration of hydrogen ions, not the concentration of “hydrogen”.）of the juice is around 5.0, and it seems that the taste is not sour. Almost no heart rot occurs. Depending on the location and year, water-soaked pulp disorders and corkism pulp disorders may occur. The shelf life is about 10 days at room temperature of 25 ° C, which is shorter than “Niitaka Pear” and seems to be about “Hosui Pear”. When the relationship between the amount of fertilizer applied and the flesh disorder was investigated, the occurrence of cork-like disorders increased in the fertilizer-rich area (N44 kg / 10 a), and the occurrence of water immersion disorders increased in the nitrogen-free area (N0 kg / 10 a). Therefore, it is effective to reduce the nitrogen application rate in fields where many cork-like disorders occur, and to prevent nitrogen shortage by topdressing at a time when the sugar content is not affected in fields where water immersion disorders occur. It is thought that the delay in the ripening period of cork-like flesh disorder is a factor that promotes the occurrence, but it seems that the occurrence of cork-like flesh disorder can be reduced by accelerating the ripening period by spraying etephone. If the preliminary fruit thinning is delayed, the occurrence of cork-like pulp damage becomes severe, so it is presumed that it is preferable to perform the preliminary fruit thinning at an early stage（From NARO）. From the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries variety registration: Application number 10855 Date of application 1998/04/09 Date of publication of application 1999/03/18 Registration number 9401 Date of registration 2001/10/18 Duration of breeder’s right 25 years Extinction date of breeder’s right Variety Name and address of registrant National Research and Development Corporation Agriculture and Food Industry Technology Research Organization (Kannondai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture): Name of the person who bred the registered varieties, Mr. Hiroshi Machida, Mr. Kazuo Toshi, Mr. Yoshihiko Sato, Mr. Kazuyuki Abe, Mr. Kurihara, Mr. Tatsushi Ogata, Mr. Toshihiro Saito, Mr. Terai, Mr. Toyohide Nishihata, Mr. Teruo Kozono, Mr. Hiroyuki Fukuda, Mr. Takeshi Kihara, Mr. Katsushige Suzuki, Restrictions on exports, no designated countries. This variety was cultivated by crossing “162-29 (“Niitaka Pear” × “Hosui Pear”)” with ”Kosui Pear”, and the fruit shape was flat, the fruit size was large, and the skin color was It is a slightly late-maturing variety that matures in late September in the yellow-red-brown breeding ground (Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture). Tree shape is medium, shoot length is medium, thickness is thick, internode length is short, lenticel size is medium, shoot color is light green-brown, short fruit branch is medium, flower bud The shape of is elliptical and the size is small. The shape of the adult leaf is egg, the shape of the tip is sharp, the shape of the base is elliptical, the angle of the serrations on the leaf edge is blunt, the leaf size and petiole length are medium, and the petiole ratio is large. The size of the petals is medium, the color of the flower just before flowering is white, the shape is an egg, the number of cuts is small, the color is white, and the presence or absence of pollen is present. Fruit shape is oblate, fruit shape index and stalk depth are medium, wide, stalk depth and width are medium, with or without fruit, fruit size is large, pericarp color Is yellow-reddish-brown, the size of the fruit is medium, the density is dense, and the rough surface of the fruit is medium. The length and thickness of the fruit stalk are medium, and the presence or absence of a stalk is absent. The shape of the fruit core is short spindle, the size is medium, the color of the flesh is white, the hardness is soft, the coarseness is dense, the browning of the cut is medium, the sweetness is high, the acidity is weak, the aroma is low, and the juice is a little. Many, seed shape is egg, medium size. The flowering period is late, the maturity period is slightly late, and in the growing area, late September, late fruit drop is absent to slight, fruit cracking is absent, and storability is medium. Compared to “Kosui Pear”, the flower color is white, the fruit is large, the maturity period is late, etc., and compared to “Hosui Pear”, the flower color is white and the fruit shape is oblate. Compared to “Ikusui Pear（Approximately 100 years after the birth of Chojuro Pear, Mr. Ota, who lives in Kawasaki City, raised this new variety from a hybrid of Hosui Pear flowers and pollen from the 20th century, and was registered in 2001. It was named after the pear of Ikuta, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture. The size is as large as 500g-700g, and although it has a slightly sour taste, it is a sweet and delicious variety. It is cultivated in Kawasaki City, but it seems that it is sold only at the direct sales office because the trees are young and the yield is small. The city seems to be working on environmental protection agriculture. It is an eco-friendly and sustainable agriculture by reducing the proper use and amount of chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. Date of application 1997/09/10 Date of publication of application 1999/02/01 Registration number 8738 Date of registration 2001/03/13 Duration of breeder’s rights 25 years Extinction date of breeder’s rights 2014/03 / 14 Name and address of cultivar registrant Yusuke Ota (Ikuta, Tama Ward, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture): Name of the person who bred the registered cultivar Mr. Yusuke Ota. This variety was cultivated by crossing “Hosui Pear” with “Nijisseiki Pear”, and has a flat fruit shape, a large fruit size, and a yellow-reddish-brown fruit skin color (Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture). In (city), it is a slightly late-maturing variety that matures in mid-September. The tree is slightly upright, the length, thickness, internode length and lenticel size of the shoots are medium, the color of the shoots is blackish brown, the number of short fruit branches is large, and the shape of the flower buds is oblong. The size is rather large. The shape of the mature leaf is elliptical, the shape of the tip is medium, the shape of the base is circular, the angle of the serrations on the leaf edge and the size of the leaf are medium, the length of the petiole is slightly short, and the ratio of petioles is medium. The size of the petals is medium, the color of the flower just before flowering is white, the shape is an egg, the number of cuts is small, the color of the petals is white, and the presence or absence of pollen is present. The shape of the fruit is oblate, the fruit shape index is medium, the depth of the stem is a little deep, the size is medium, the depth is a little deep, the size is medium, the presence or absence of fruit is mixed, the size of the fruit The size of the fruit is large, the color of the peel is yellow-reddish brown, the size of the fruit points is slightly large, the density is dense, and the rough smoothness of the fruit surface is rough. The length of the fruit stalk is medium, the thickness is thick, and there is no stalk. The shape of the fruit core is long heart, the size is small, the color of the flesh is white, the hardness is medium, the density is dense, the browning of the cut end is light, the sweetness is slightly high, the acidity is weak, the aroma is slightly low, and the fruit juice Somewhat many, seed shape is long egg, size is a little large. The flowering period is a little late, the maturity period is a little late, and in the growing area, it is mid-September. Compared to “Hosui”, the fruit core is smaller, and compared to “Niitaka Pear”, the distinction is recognized by the presence of pollen, the smaller fruit core, and the absence of fruit cracking.）”, it has a wider stem and a larger fruit core, which makes it distinctive.
Akizuki pear, which is written as autumn moon, is a variety made by crossing “Kosui pear” and “Nikkori pear”. Kosui Pear is made by crossing ‘Wase Kozo pear’ and ‘Kikusui Pear’, and ‘Nikkori pear’ is made by crossing ‘Hosui pear’ and ‘Niitaka pear’. If you trace the origin of Akizuki, you can understand well that it includes two types of pears, ‘kosui pear’ and ‘hosui pear’, which are called ‘sansui pear’. These excellent pears are in season and harvested in the fall.
According to the JA Akita Central Association, the production and sales plan for all types of pears in the prefecture for 2015 is 136.6 ha (2014 result: 133.7 ha), 2% compared to the previous year. The shipment volume was 131,450 cases planned for 2015 (actual 117,710 cases in the previous year), 112% of the previous year. The 2015 plan for Kosui-nashi Pear was 66,700 cases (57,893 cases in the previous year), a 15% increase from the previous year.
It seems that the number of fruit set of pears grown in the Nakaishi district of Iriai, Oga City, Akita Prefecture was low due to the frost in April 2021. It is one of the local agricultural products that is shipped under the brand of “Oganashi Pear”, but according to producers and JA, the harvest amount seems to have dropped by about 40% from the usual 450 tons, to less than 300 tons. Oga City has considered support measures, but will the harvest in 2022 change significantly? In the Nakaishi district, where pear production is said to have begun in the Edo period, farmers have learned how to grow pears. It seems that the current brand has been acquired by continuing joint research by exchanging ideas. The pears produced in this area are characterized by their abundant sweetness and juice, and their unique pear aroma that leaves a strong impression.
