万葉集第一四巻-相聞3400（東歌）信濃なる千曲の川のさざれ石も君し踏みてば玉と拾はむ; 信濃奈流 知具麻能河泊能 左射礼思母 伎弥之布美弖婆 多麻等比呂波牟; 信濃の千曲川の小石でさえ, あなたが踏まれた石ならば, 玉（宝物）と思って拾うよ. 相聞3401（東歌）-なかまなに浮き居る船の漕ぎ出なば逢ふことかたし今日にしあらずは; 中麻奈尓 宇伎乎流布祢能 許藝弖奈婆 安布許等可多思 家布尓思安良受波; 中麻奈（千曲川?）に浮いている船を漕ぎ出していったら, 今日でなければもう逢うことは難しいのだろう

黄芯ハクサイ

【種類】

Brassica rapa L. var. pekinensis Rupr.

【生産地】

長野県南佐久郡小海町, 川上村, 『南牧村』, 南相木村, 北相木村（JA長野八ヶ岳, JA全農長野）

【名前の由来】

Isn’t it named for its low-temperature heading properties, few physiological disorders, and the gorgeousness of place names and products?

【主な特徴】

“Koumi Town, Minamisaku District, Nagano Prefecture”, A new town established by merging Kitamaki, Koumi, and Higashimanagashi. A large collapse of Yatsugatake (Mt. Tengudake), which is said to have occurred in 887 or 888, caused a mudflow to dam the deep mountains below the Chikuma River (near the current Yanaike Cave Gate), from the mouth of the sea to Umijiri（Minamimaki）. It is said that a large lake was created. At this time, the Aiki River near Domura’s expulsion (near the current Koumi Elementary School) was also dammed up, and a lake was created up to the entrance of Aiki. The lake water of Uminokuchi collapsed in 1011 and disappeared, but Lake Aiki seems to remain after that, and it is thought that it was written in old drawings around 1572 and was around 1300 in the Kamakura period. This is said to be the origin of the name, which was named “Koumi” by the people who came here at that time. It is located in the eastern part of the prefecture, almost in the center of the Minamisaku area. It borders Kitaaiki Village in the east, Chino City in the west with the Yatsugatake Mountain Range in the east, Minamimaki Village / Minamiaiki Village in the south, and Sakuho Town (formerly Yachiho Village) in the north. A strip-shaped flat land is formed along the Chikuma River that flows north and south through the center of the town. National highway No. 141 and JR Koumi Line run here, and it is the main transportation route of the town. The left bank of the Chikuma River has a vast slope at the foot of the Yatsugatake mountain range, and the right bank is a terrace at the foot of the Chichibu Mountains. It is roughly divided into a paddy field centered on the lowlands of the Chikuma River and an upland field centered on a plateau with an altitude of 1,000 m or more. In recent years, I hear that the main production is open-field vegetables centered on plateau vegetables (Chinese cabbage, lettuce, cabbage, etc.). In addition, the chrysanthemums cultivated in this area are colorful and last longer than others due to the cool summer climate, and have been well received by consumers and related parties. 小原遺跡（穴沢）発掘地調査団 1992 “小原遺跡” 小海町埋蔵文化財調査報告書第4集（大字豊里） : 宅地造成工事, 集落, 縄文時代, 竪穴建物, 土坑, 墓, 縄文土器, 石器, 縄文前期初; 縄文中期初. “Kawakami Village”, Located at the southeastern end of the prefecture, there are 2,000 m-class mountains that border Gunma, Saitama, and Yamanashi. It is the headwaters of the Chikuma River, which originates from Mt. Kobushi, and is blessed with the wonderful natural environment of Mt. It is also part of Chichibu Tama National Park. Located at an altitude of 1100 m or higher, it has succeeded in producing local vegetables on the summer plateau, taking advantage of severe weather conditions. Taking advantage of the land of the plateau, we are proud of the largest production of lettuce in Japan. Familiar with Musashino Municipal Nature Village in Tokyo, it is the only prefecture adjacent to Saitama Prefecture. In addition, successors to agriculture have become established, the average age of key agricultural workers is young, and the ratio of young people remains high in rural areas in the prefecture. I cannot help feeling that the primary industry of the village has dreams and a future. There are Kinpu Fureai no Mori, Dodan no Mori (満天星; Enkianthus perulatus: Natural Science Forest), Mt. Kinpu Sanso, Mawarimedaira Campground（Located in Kinpu Gorge, the campground has three spacious sites surrounded by lush forest and a mountain stream, as well as two bungalows. The campground also has pay showers and laundry facilities. At night, campers can enjoy a star-filled sky.）, etc., which attract tourists. In 1935, it was designated by the Temporary Industrial Law of Nagano Prefecture, and Chinese cabbage cultivation became popular. Cultivation developed with the opening of the railway, and it developed into one of the prefecture’s leading plateau vegetable producing areas. At this time, most of the Chinese cabbage were shipped to Osaka. In 1949, it was designated as a soybean production designated area, and after receiving a special distribution of fertilizer, the cultivated area was gradually restored, and lettuce was introduced as a prototype the following year. In about 70 years as a highland vegetable producing area, the land infrastructure was improved by implementing the prefectural pilot project, the secondary agricultural structure improvement project, the designated vegetable producing area project, etc., and the agricultural road, upland irrigation project, and pest control water facility were developed. , Growing a vast vegetable complex. It is a technique that can be done by the relationship between the ancestors and the people who engage in it, and we are also benefiting from it. List of cultural properties : 国史跡 : 大深山遺跡, 昭和41年6月21日, 大深山, 県天然記念物 : 樋沢のヒメバラモミ, 昭和35年2月11日, 伊勢神社, 樋沢村史跡高札場, 昭和41年6月21日, 川端下林野保護組合, 川端下村, 天然記念物 : アズサバラモミ, 昭和47年3月3日, 関晋一氏, 梓山, 村天然記念物 : イシナシ, 昭和47年3月3日, 樋沢林野保護組合, 樋沢, 村天然記念物 : サワラ, 昭和47年3月3日, 由井和夫氏, 他, 原, 村天然記念物 : 天然カラマツ, 昭和47年3月3日, 由井和夫氏, 他, 原, 村天然記念物 : 住吉神社の樹林叢, 昭和47年3月3日, 住吉神社, 原, 村天然記念物 : ナラ原生林, 昭和47年3月3日, 居倉林野保護組合, 居倉, 村天然記念物 : ネズミサシの生垣, 昭和47年3月3日, 龍昌寺御所平, 村天然記念物 : 杉, 昭和47年3月3日, 龍昌寺御所平, 村天然記念物 : イヌザクラ, 昭和47年3月3日, 御霊社御所平, 村天然記念物 : ヒメコマツ, 昭和47年3月3日, 伊勢社, 樋沢, 村有形文化財 : 十文字峠の一里観音, 昭和48年5月24日, 川上村教育委員会, 梓山, 村有形文化財 : 金峰山神社の幟, 昭和49年7月24日, 川端下林野保護組合, 川端下, 村有形文化財 : 金峰山神社の鰐, 昭和49年7月24日, 川端下林野保護組合, 川端下, 県天然記念物 : 川上犬, 昭和58年7月28日, 村内, 村天然記念物 : 湿地性植物群生地, 平成元年7月30日, 吉澤和光氏, 樋沢, 県無形民俗文化財, 原のおかたぶち, 平成3年2月14日, 原道祖神原, 村有形文化財 : 大日如来像, 平成3年3月29日, 川端, 下林野保護組合, 川端下, 村有形文化財 : 宝蔵院聖観音像, 平成3年3月29日, 秋山宝蔵院, 檀徒総代秋山, 村有形文化財 : 宝蔵院十王像, 平成3年3月29日, 秋山宝蔵院, 檀徒総代秋山, 村史跡 : 柏垂遺跡, 平成8年7月1日, 川上村御所平, 村史跡 : 金峰山修験道遺跡, 平成8年7月1日, 井出由太郎氏/ 原照人氏, 川端下, 村天然記念物 : アカマツ, 平成8年7月1日, 佐原吉平氏, 川端下, 村有形文化財 : 大深山遺跡出土土器, 平成12年12月1日, 川上村教育委員会, 大深山, 村天然記念物 :トチ, 平成19年4月2日, 林　司郎氏, 秋山, 村天然記念物 : リンキ, 平成19年4月2日, 川上百樹氏, 秋山, 村有形文化財 : 常楽院墓碑, 平成19年4月2日, 秋山林野保護組合, 秋山. “Minamimaki Village”, It consists of an area with a large elevation difference of 1000 m-1500 m above sea level at the eastern end of the prefecture. In the 1200-1300 m area, there is a vegetable field that mainly produces highland vegetables. In addition, it produces highland vegetables by taking advantage of the cool climate, and boasts top-class sales in the prefecture, supporting the region. The villages include the Uminokuchi district on the banks of the Chikuma River and the Nobeyama district on the Nobeyama Plateau at the foot of Yatsugatake. In addition, there is an altitude difference of nearly 300 m. It is well known that National Highway No. 141, which is the main road, connects both districts with a steep slope with a continuous curve called “Market Slope” and is famous as a plateau vegetable producing area like the neighboring Kawakami Village. However, the scale expansion is limited, and there are many expenses such as pesticide costs and labor costs, and it seems that the actual situation is quite difficult, and it is said that the reality is that there is no room for work. The reality is that human resources mainly rely on Chinese technical intern trainees. There is an opinion in the field that it is not thought that foreigners can secure a future eternity, and it is wise to reduce the scale of the management form and make it an agricultural form only for Japanese families. The biggest issue for village administration is how to deal with the declining birthrate and aging population, and the free medical expenses for child-rearing support have expanded to 18 years old or younger. Moreover, the fact that food expenses at the time of hospitalization are also covered is constant. 財団法人長野県文化振興事業団長野県埋蔵文化財センター（千曲市屋代清水） 2004 “南牧村内 : 矢出川遺跡群（野辺山字ニツ山）” 長野県埋蔵文化財センター発掘調査報告書65 : 県営畑地帯総合整備事業, 野辺山地区幹線5号拡幅工事遺跡, 散布地, 旧石器時代, 石器, 剥片, 縄文時代, 石器, 剥片. “Minamiaiki Village”, It is located in the eastern part of the prefecture, upstream of the Aiki River, a tributary of the Chikuma River. The village system came into effect in 1889. It is a high-cold mountain village located on the eastern slope of the Kanto Mountains, which borders Gunma Prefecture, at an altitude of around 900 m. There are 10 villages and cultivated land along the Aiki River. Forests and wilderness occupy more than 80% of the total area, and although the cold in winter is severe, it is a cool and comfortable place to spend in summer. The main special products are plateau vegetables such as lettuce and Chinese cabbage, shiitake mushrooms, and flowers. It is a valuable village with a quiet and laid-back atmosphere that is not a tourist destination. The only road is along the Aiki River, which leads to Koumi Station on the JR Koumi Line, and the cultivated land is about 4% of the village Area. 南相木村教育委員会 2016 “見上遺跡” 南相木村誌編纂調査報告4 : 学術調査遺跡, 散布地, 縄文時代, 遺構不詳, 縄文土器, 石器, 平安時代, 遺構不詳, 土器. 南相木村教育委員会 2013 “大師遺跡（字大師道上）平安時代編” 南相木村誌編纂調査報告1 : 学術調査遺跡, 集落, 縄文時代, 竪穴建物8, 平安時代の遺構 / 遺物を収録.縄文前期, 集落, 縄文時代, 土坑45, 縄文（早期, 前期）, 集落, 平安時代, 竪穴建物4, 特殊遺構1. 山の神奉斎品 : Faith tangible folklore- Designated October 20, 2008. 安土桃山時代, 近世以降, 作者所在地 : 南佐久郡南相木村（南相木村教育委員会）, Outline of dimensions, materials, and shapes In the old shrine of Mt. Goryo, metal products such as nagikama, sword, and bow are enshrined. Of these, nagikama is considered to be a ritual tool related to the Suwa Shrine worship. “Kitaaiki Village”, Located on the eastern side of the prefecture, it is famous as a mountain village located in the Gunma prefectural border and surrounded by a mountain foot running west from the foot of Kanto, in a narrow valley at an altitude of 1,000 m. About 91% of the total area of 56.26 km2 of the village is forest, and agricultural land is scattered along the Aiki River. The average annual temperature is as low as 10.5 ° C, and the annual rainfall is 1,000 mm, which is not very high. Once a prosperous forestry village, the number of full-time forestry workers seems to be declining, directly affected by the sluggish timber industry since the oil crisis in the late 1970s. In recent years, as plateau vegetables have come into the limelight, agricultural land development has also been undertaken in order to raise the income of farm management and stabilize the economy. The main products are highland vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, lettuce, and cabbage. Since there is a Nozawana（Brassica rapa var. Hakabura native to Japan; It is said that around 1751 to 1763, Koten Enzui, the 8th chief priest at the time of Kenmeiji-Temple（An ancient temple of the Soto sect, founded in 1568 in Nozawa Onsen Village, Shimotakai District, Nagano Prefecture.）, brought back and cultivated the famous Tennoji turnip seeds in Kyoto and Osaka when he went to Kyoto.）processing factory, production has increased considerably and it has gained popularity. It is said that the Jomon period started about 13,000 years ago and lasted about 11,000 years until about 2,000 years ago. The pottery found in the village is the oldest pottery excavated from the Tochibara site in the early Jomon period, and it is said that the period around 8650 years ago was found by measuring the radioactivity containing carbides in the ash. The Tochibara site is a den dwelling site created by the flow of the Aiki River behind the agglomerate of the mudflow that erupted from Yatsugatake volcano at the end of the pre-Pleistocene era about 800,000 years ago. Kitaaiki people seem to have lived here for about 10,000 years now. Of the 11 human bones excavated, the head of the first human bone of Kitaaikijin remained in almost perfect shape, and because it was in a large amount of ash, the bone was preserved without rotting, so hold your face. It is known as the oldest human skeleton in Japan. About 2,000 years ago, in the middle of the Yayoi period, rice was being cultivated from Nagano prefecture to the Kanto region, and to Sado and Sendai city in Miyagi prefecture in the Ou region. When rice is transmitted, Sakudaira is a flat land with a lot of humidity and easy rice cultivation, so people who lived in mountainous areas such as Kitaaiki moved to Sakudaira. However, even after moving to Sakudaira, where rice can be cultivated, rice fields were not immediately formed, and for several years he was hunting while growing rice. It is said that Yayoi pottery, which seems to have been used by people who came to Aiki to hunt or picked nuts when they found time for agriculture, was found in the rocks of Kyo. In 1629 of the Edo period, land inspection was carried out in Saku District, which belongs to Tadanaga TOKUGAWA（He is the grandson of Ieyasu Tokugawa and is famous as Suruga Dainagon（chief councilor of state）.）territory. This land survey is a full-scale comprehensive land survey, which has realized the substantial establishment of the crop yield system, the thorough control of farmers based on it, and the establishment of the basic village height. “Chichibu Incident” ; Also known as the Chichibu riot, it is still new as a rehabilitation riot centered on local residents that uprised in the Chichibu region of Saitama Prefecture on November 1, 1884. It was noted that it was intertwined with the Freedom and People’s Rights Movement and developed a peculiar form of intensification, and it is said that the number of people who participated was 8,000 or 10,000, and it was said that the public rights in Chichibu District were suspended for three days. The cause of the uprising in Chichibu is said to have been economic catastrophe due to the sharp drop in cocoon and raw silk prices in addition to financial tightness. Extreme poverty and the small people who have been able to overcome the urgent need to borrow money from usury have complained of postponing debt repayment. It seems that it will lead to the current economy of corona, the hindrance of national sovereignty, and serious stress for men and women of all ages, and I am mistaken. “負債据置年賦償却説論ノ義” : However, there was a natural refusal. They filed their petition to the county office and complained, but it was rejected, and neither officials nor police officers were on their side. Therefore, Sosaku Sakamoto, Toraichi Ochiai, and Denzo Inoue of the Liberal Party took the lead in the need for rehabilitation with the oppressor as an enemy. Exchanges with Chichibu have been frequent trades since before the Edo period due to the highways that pass through the village. Some of the people who participated in the incident crossed the “Jikkoku Pass”, which was the passage of the incident, and transported goods along the highway. It was not uncommon for young people in Kitaaiki to make friends in the Chichibu Area, and for “Takegawa merchants; 飛騨屋” to sit down at the eaves of private houses in the village and sell seeds and miscellaneous goods. It was around the summer before the incident that the party members were contacted about the Chichibu Incident and requested to participate. 京窟観音, 村指定有形文化財, 寺院建築, 昭和57年7月25日, 京の岩諏訪神社, 村指定有形文化財, 神社建築, 昭和57年7月25日, 宮ノ平庚申塔, 村指定有形文化財, 石造文化財, 昭和58年6月13日, 栃原板碑（2面）, 村指定有形文化財, 石造文化財, 昭和58年6月13日, 博物館明兆の観音大士観瀑之図, 村指定有形文化財, 絵画, 昭和63年3月10日, 大龍寺葛飾北斎の武者絵, 村指定有形文化財, 絵画, 昭和63年3月10日, 京の岩観音堂, 戸田元周の書, 村指定有形文化財, 書画, 昭和63年3月10日, 大龍寺獅子舞, 村指定民俗文化財, 芸能, 昭和57年7月25日, 栃原念佛, 村指定民俗文化財, 信仰, 昭和57年7月25日, 白岩三瀧山（全山）, 村指定名所, 名勝, 昭和57年7月25日下新井御座山村指定名所山岳昭和57年7月25日, 御座山箱瀬の滝, 村指定名所, 瀑布, 昭和57年7月25日, 箱瀬雪瀬の滝, 村指定名所, 瀑布, 昭和57年7月25日, 雪瀬イチイの木, 村指定自然記念物, 植物, 平成16年5月18日, 宮ノ平栃原岩陰遺跡, 国史跡, 縄文時代住居址, 昭和62年5月25日, 栃原メグスリの木, 県天然記念物, 植物, 昭和43年5月16日,下新井. Appearance of “Oshin Chinese cabbage”: It is the same as ordinary Chinese cabbage, but the leaves are yellower toward the inside. The leaves tend to be soft, freshly picked and fresh and sweet. Chinese Cabbage – The arrival to Japan was unexpectedly late, around the beginning of the Meiji era. Even at that time, it was difficult to collect seeds and it was not widely used. The Japanese army at that time brought back the seeds that had largely headed in the former Manchuria and Korea to Japan: In the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War. Agricultural workers repeated trial production, which was the reason for the spread nationwide.