Solanum (Ibaraki, Chiba) Shrine listed in the Engi-Shiki Jimmyo-cho: A list of shrines nationwide that were considered to be “Government shrines” at the time, which was the Engi-shiki Vol. Mallow patterns (Asarum caulescens Maxim.) In a circle; Tsukubayama Shrine-The ancestral god of the two gods

【製品名(商品名)】

長なす

【種類】

Solanum melongena L.

【生産地】

茨城県坂東市, 古河市, 猿島郡境町, 結城市, 結城郡八千代町, 下妻市, 常総市, つくば市, 千葉県野田市（岩井中央農事園芸連）

【名前の由来】

It is said to have originated in the Tohoku region of the Republic of India, and is said to have been introduced from China before the 8th century. Since the Heian period, it has been cultivated as ‘Nasubi’ for over 1200 years. The etymology is “To grow up” because the number of fruits increases, and “Summer fruit” that can be harvested in the summer.

【主な特徴】

The 50th volume of the Engishiki is a detailed rule and case whose compilation was started in 905. The god name book is in Volumes 9 and 10, and is a list of 3132 gods who give offerings at the event of a good harvest prayer, which is a prayer festival held in the name of the emperor. “Bando City”, Located in the southwestern part of Ibaraki prefecture. It was born on March 22, 2005 by the merger of Iwai city and Sahima town. It borders Noda City, Chiba Prefecture across the Tone River（This is the Tonegawa, also known as Bandotaro. The River Tone meanders [winds its way] through the plains of Kanto）. The center is a flat land called Sashima tableland, with rice fields and upland fields spreading out: Famous for its many flatland forests and the arrival of swan（Every year from late October to mid-March; Cygnus columbianus, Platalea leucorodia, Anas acuta）, rich nature is preserved – Sugao Swamp etc. Located on the border between Bando and Joso. A long and narrow swamp with a north-south width of about 5 km and an east-west width of about 200-500 m. Egawa River, Iinuma River, Higashinire River flow in. Water flows from the Hoshido lock to the Tone River via Sugao Swamp. The sorimachi bank is called kaminuma and shimonuma in border, and walking load is maintained in kaminuma. Pacific climate with an average annual temperature of 15.3 degrees celsius: A relatively warm region with annual rainfall of 1,288 mm. A place related to hero Taira no Masakado who won the eight Edo-period provinces of Kanto (Sagami, Musashi, Awa, Kazusa, Shimousa, Hitachi, Kouzuke and Shimotsuke) in the Heian Period. Called Bando’s Fengyunji, a wish to create an independent country beyond the power of the imperial court: Although branded as a rebel, he broke up with the aristocratic society here: A heart that I admire, trying to build an utopia for living with the people: It is alive in the places that Masakado loved. Iwai’s cantonment, home of the government, Kokuo Shrine built by the third daughter（如蔵尼）to mourn the soul, Enmeiin（神田山如意輪寺延命院 – 宗介, 来世法師; 真言宗智山派; 篠越山延命院観音寺, 本尊 – 延命地蔵菩薩）with a body mound, etc. The city is dotted with legends and historic sites. “Masakado Festival” held every November: A magnificent and gorgeous period picture scroll that seems to go back a thousand years is unfolded. “Masakado Half Marathon Tournament” to be held on the day: Many citizen runners participate and compete for good legs on the course related to Masakado. Forefront base for Go-Hojo Family’s expansion into North Kanto: Restoration while utilizing the remains of Sakasai Castle. It is popular as a historical park. Prefectural designated cultural property : Sakasai Castle Ruins, designated March 25, 1985, Sakasai. The castle that remains today is a remains that made full use of the castle construction technique of the end of the Warring States period. He pursued prosperity with Nobunaga’s Azuchi Castle and Go-Hojo Family. In 1590, the castle was abandoned due to Hideyoshi-Ko’s conquest of Odawara. And now, more than 400 years later, the moat and earthworks as they were at that time are utilized. “Koga City, Ibaraki Prefecture”, It is located in the center of the Kanto Plain, at the western end of the prefecture. Saitama on the west side, Tochigi on the north side, Yuki City on the east side, Yachiyo Town. The south side is in contact with Goka, Sakai, and Bando. The terrain is flat over almost the entire area, and the climate is generally warm. The climate is also generally warm: In natural conditions blessed as a place of living and production. Area 123.58 km2 : Geographical conditions – Also, the distance to Tokyo, Saitama City and Utsunomiya City is 50-60 km. Including JR Utsunomiya Line, the transportation network of Japan National Route 4 and New Japan National Route 4 etc. has been improved.In addition, exchanges with Saitama New Urban Center, Oyama, and Utsunomiya are active.In recent years, population, housing, and industrialization have been concentrated. “古河”は, 古く“許我”と表記. The scene of that time is described in the Manyoshu. It was already crowded as a ferry port for the Watarasegawa River from the Nara Period. ‘万葉集 / 巻十四, 東歌’ – 逢（あ）はずして 行かば惜しけむ 真久良我(まくらが)の 許我(こが)漕ぐ船に 君も逢はぬかも; お会いしないままで 出かけてはとても残念だな. 真久良我の許我を漕ぐ舟の上の貴方にお会いできたらいいのにな.（3558）, 真久良我の 許我の渡（わたり）の 韓楫; 可良加治(舵; からかぢ)の 音高(おとだか)しもな 寝（ね）なへ児ゆゑ（ヱ）に; 真久良我の 許我の渡しの韓楫（梶）の音が高いように 噂が高く立ったな.未だ共寝をした娘ではないのにな（3555）. Koga Village, Expression of one’s feelings-It shows that it is a land of rich culture centered on the river. The army of calligraphers is a calligrapher – 故大久保翠洞（Suido Okubo- Mainichi (literally, everyday), Founder of the “Engraving” department.1906-1997） 氏. “Tone River monument” – まくらがの 許我の渡りのからかじの音高しもな寝なへ児ゆえに; まくらがの許我の渡し場に響く韓梶の音のように噂が高いね. 一緒に添寝もしない子なのに, 逢はずして行かば惜しけむまくらがの許我こぐ船に君も逢はぬかも; 逢わずに行くのは残念だよ. まくらがの許我を漕ぐ舟であなたにひょっこり逢えないものか. The other monument stands on the Watarase sword beside the Suzume（鎮め）Shrine（Miyamae Town）. The army of the book is a seal carving – 故生井子華（Shika Ikui; 1904-89） 氏. Kawatodai Remains（Makinoji）: There was one of the largest steel making shops in eastern Japan from the beginning of the 9th century to the 10th century; 古河市教育委員会 2012 “川戸台遺跡” 古河市埋蔵文化財調査報告書10, まくらがの里遊歩道建設に伴う牧野地地区埋蔵文化財調査報告書, 種別; 製鉄, 縄文時代, 縄文土器, 土製品, 石器, A large amount of iron-related relics have been excavated. In particular, the amount of excavated mold is 565.981 kg. 獣脚付き鍋や, 把手付き片口鍋等を製作. In addition, letters are engraved on the mold, and when it is inverted, “弥勒”の「勒」, A board-shaped mold that can be read as is excavated. 種別; 製塩, 古墳地代, 竪穴2, 土師器, 円筒埴輪, 石器, 製鉄, 平安時代, 炉4, 工房1, 炭窯1, 粘土採掘坑2, 排滓場4, 柱穴1, 溝4, 路壁, 羽口, 小型専用坩堝, 鋳型, 鉄製品, 土師器, 須恵器, 灰釉陶器, 瓦, かわらけ（土師質土器）, 内耳鍋, 製鉄, 中世 (細分不明) 時代, 溝4, 中世以降. Eguchi-Nagaoki kiln remains: A semi-basement type flat kiln was also discovered in the latter half of the 9th century. 毛野考古学研究所他 2011 “江口長沖窯跡” 古河市埋蔵文化財調査報告書5 , 筑西幹線道路整備に伴う江口地区内埋蔵文化財調査報告書. It seems that it was also a production base for iron and ceramics. The home of Koga from the late Muromachi period to the Warring States period. 5th Kamakura kubo (Governor-general) – Shigeuji Ashikaga（Founder）has moved from Kamakura to Koga. Assassination of Kanto Kanrei, Noritada Uesugi, 享徳の乱; After that, it was handed over to Masauji, Takamoto, Haruuji, and Yoshiuji for about 130 years. Castle town of Koga Castle in the Edo period: Koga-juku（通町; 横町, 1,2丁目, 台町, 原町.脇町 / 街道東側, 鍛冶町, 新町, 八幡町. 西側; 石町, 江戸町, 大工町. 川沿い; 悪戸新田, 船渡町.枝町; 紺屋町, 天神町, 田町, 青物町, 七軒町, 肴町, 元肴町, 四谷 / 嵯峨.屋敷町; 厩町, 白壁町, 仲之町, 鳥見町, 杉並町, 代官町, 三神町, 片町, 六軒町 / 四軒町.）, a post town on the Nikko Kaido, flourished. The Koga domain spans Shimousa, Shimotsuke, and Musashi provinces. The city area was also incorporated into Ibaraki Prefecture via Shimousa and Chiba prefectures. Former Hitachi country, formed mainly by Mito Kaido（The roads which ran from Edo to Sendai along the Pacific coast were called “Rikuzenhama Highway Road,” and among them the one which ran to Mito City, where one of three privileged branches of Tokugawa family was located, was occasionally called）: Positioned as a sidestream in the history of Ibaraki Prefecture since modern times. “Nirei / Nire（仁礼; 仁連）” is a place name from the Warring States period. 第4代古河公方/ 足利晴氏 公安堵状写: 若林 / 仁礼両郷. During the Warring States period, it was a royal palace of Koga Kubo. Chigyo Enforcement Letter on September 20, 1590- From Hideyoshi to Harushige Yamakawa（Originally a retainer of the Yuki family – 山川綾戸城; 現:結城市山川新宿）: 幸島郷之内 二十五貫 仁連. Nirei Town, It was allowed as a post station on the Nikko Higashi Kaido (Nikko Sekiyado Takodo) : 江戸時代; 1648年（慶安元年）11月6日- 猿島郡郷土大観, 1927: 往昔領主堀江侯なるもの 若林に小城を設けて居住せし… By the way, Nirei also has the upper and lower towns that are often seen in post stations. Kami Town is located on the north side and Shitamachi is located on the south side.In order from the south – Uemachi, Nakamachi, Shitamachi in order. Why are Nirei and Morokawa in the opposite order? There’s room for improvement. Forgive me because I still lack research. 鷹見泉石（古河藩家老）（公）関係資料(H16, 国指定文化財; 歴史博物館（中央町）) 文書 / 記録類686点, 絵図/ 地図類768点, 書籍類466点, 書状類912点, 絵画 / 器物類321. Morokawa-juku is the 7th post station counting from Oiwake between Mito Kaido Kogane-juku and Abiko-juku, which was the starting point of Nikko Higashi Kaido in the Edo period. “Koryuji Temple (Jishu sect (of Buddhism)) Oan 4th Year Name Plate Monument (City Designated Cultural Property)” – MOROKAWA – Built in November 1371 during the Nanbokucho period, the Nijo line and border are clearly engraved, and the principal idols Amida Nyorai (Kiriku) and Rengeza, as well as a delicate canopy on the principal idol. A vase is vividly carved under the lotus position. Height 65.8 cm (on the table), width 25.7 cm, thickness 2.2 cm. “Sanwa Gion Bayashi”, Morokawa castle owner Kanro Shinanokami rebuilt Nagamiya Shrine, and Gion Bayashi appeared at the summer festival held there around 1438. Dedicated with a prayer for a good harvest, disaster control, and extinction of the plague. A long time ago, it was called “Kabasan Bayashi” until the Meiji era because it was also used for festivals at Kabasan Shrine. Hayashi, which has been handed down in this area, was handed down by a Kagura servant living in 東山田五味蔵 (Yonekura) in 1772-80, and is said to have reached the present day. It has been declining since before World War II, and was inherited as a comfort for the elderly until around 1960, but it was revived after the awakening of a young man. Currently, 7 branches (Morokawa, Komagome, Inn, Yonekura, Onna, Setoyashiki, Shimouchi) are active. The “Koga Peach Festival” will be held from late March to early April at the Furukawa Comprehensive Park, which has about 1,500 peaches of five types. The peach forest in the general park is considered to be the best peach forest in Japan. The first event was held in 1977, shortly after the opening of the general park. Peach is characterized by darker flowers than cherry blossoms. “Koga Castle” was located on the left bank of the Watarase River, and now most of the ruins have been lost due to river improvement, leaving only some of the earthworks and moats. It has a long history and was built at the end of the Heian period by the later Gokenin of the Kamakura Shogunate, Yukihira Shimokawabe. The castle at that time and until the time of Koga Kubo in the Muromachi Period is not known in detail, but it is said that it was a natural fortress on a long plateau between the Watarase River on the west side and a swamp on the east side. The castle area in the Edo Period, including the water moat, was approximately 500 m east-west and 2 km north-south, making it one of the largest in the Kanto region. The west side of the castle was the Watarase River, and the other three sides were water moats. In the structure, a plurality of curved rings surrounded by earthen walls were arranged in a straight line, and there were a main circle, a Ninomaru, a Sannomaru, and the like. The castle tower was not built, but the tower on the 3rd and 4th floors, which was 22 m high and was built in the northwest corner of the main enclosure, was the actual castle tower. As the only remains of Furukawa Castle, the Inuimon remains as the gate of the Fukuhoji Temple (Otani sect of Shinshu) in Koga City. The Koga Castle Ochayaguchi Monument along the Old Nikko Kaido used Koga Castle as an inn when the third shogun, IEMITSU, visited Nikko. It is said that it is the site of a teahouse established by the castle owner Toshikatsu DOI to entertain it. Since then, it has been a customary place to greet the shogun and the prestigious daimyo, and the other party also comes to greet here（侘び寂び ≒ WASABI）. Since then, it has been a customary place to greet the shogun and the prestigious daimyo, and the other party also comes to greet here. It is said that the other daimyo were treated at the treats bansho in Sakana Town. “Sakai Town, Sashima District”, Almost in the center of the Kanto Plain, within 50 km of the capital. Located in the southwest, about 70 km to Mito City（Prefectural capital）. The Tone River runs through the southwest and faces Chiba Prefecture across the river.In addition, the surrounding area is adjacent to Koga, Bando, Goka, and Noda City, Chiba Prefecture. The terrain is 8 km east-west and 11 km north-south, with an area of 46.59 km2. I visited several times, but the terrain is exactly rectangular. Topographically, a flat alluvial plain formed in the Tone River basin: Consisting of diluvial upland, mainly lowlands form paddy fields and plateaus form uplands. The climate is a warm region on the Pacific side. Snowfall in winter is as low as several times a year. However, a strong dry westerly wind blows down from the Mikuni Mountains. Overall, it is a blessed natural condition. “Goka Town”, It is located in the center of the Kanto Plain, at the southwestern tip of the prefecture.And it is within about 50 km from the metropolitan area. Chiba prefecture across the Edo River in the east : Saitama Prefecture is located in the southwest across the Gongendo and Nakagawa rivers : It touches Koga and Sakai across the Tone River that runs through the northeastern part : A magnificent area surrounded by rivers on all sides. New Route 4 runs through the center of the town and is constructed at the intersection-Metropolitan Inter-City Expressway（Metropolitan Inter-City Expressway）. Goka IC will be put into service in March 2015. In February 2018, the Prefecture section was fully opened. Expected to contribute significantly to the development of the Southwestern part of the prefecture, including GOKA. Rosa: The flowers are beautiful and elegant, and are familiar to many people in the Town. Wish of “creating a bright and rich town” – The feeling of loving this flower as a symbol of the town. Prunus mume (Sieb.) Sieb. et Zucc., A heavy and elegant tree that is also used in gardens and potted plant. Many trees have been planted in the town since ancient times. A symbol of “town development with a comfortable living environment.” Alauda arvensis Linnaeus, 1758 : The voice that screams brightly in the sky is said to be a spring angel. It is also believed to celebrate a good harvest in the granary. As a symbol of the town, it contains the wish of “development and breakthrough town development.” From Region Agricultural Improvement and Extension Center. Previous Early weather information on high temperatures-It is possible that the temperature will continue to be high. For open-field vegetables, watering at the time of planting and control of pests such as Helicoverpa armigera; オオタバコガ : Timely harvesting and proper drying are important for paddy rice. I urged them to be careful about measures against heat stroke. For vegetables, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, etc. The effects were delay in planting due to dryness of the field and poor survival. As a countermeasure, shade 30-40% during the daytime when sowing and raising seedlings. Tighten the seedlings with a modest amount of water from one week before planting. Immediately before, water well and plant after it cools down. If it dries before it takes root, water the plant. Since the pest outbreak cycle is short and it tends to occur frequently, try to control it as soon as possible. “Yuki City”, One of the few cities that leaves a medieval castle town in the northern part of the city. A new urban area is formed in the south, and further south is the Agriculture area. The terrain is generally flat and covered by the loamy layer of the Kanto Region. Yuki Plateau: A tributary of the Tone River; Sandwiched between the rivers of kinugawa / tagawa and Nishinire River-One of the Josou Plateau. A relatively high, gentle low-ridge slope with an altitude of 20 to 45 m above sea level. City flowers: lilies: It is a pure Japanese flower that is easy to get close to, easy to cultivate, and does not take up much space. In addition, it is suitable for general households, and you can enjoy the fragrance when the flowers are in full bloom. Its neatness brings out a unique atmosphere in “Tsumugi（Pongee）no Village” Yuki City. Flower appearance’s unassumingly attitude was chosen to symbolize City. There are many types, but no particular type has been decided-Established on November 10, 1980. City Tree: Mulberry: There is a connection to tradition. Yuki-Tsumugi /Sericulturist: Mulberries, which are closely related, have been planted in the city for a long time: Both were chosen in the hope of growth. Mulberries are brilliant when the spring sprouts sprout. It shows beauty and is generally familiar and prized as a famous tree. It’s the beauty of fresh green that you can see. Buson Yosa（1716-1786）: After his teacher’s death in 1742, he went to live with Gantou ISAOKA in Yuki, the kingdom of Shimousa (Yuki City, Ibaraki Prefecture) at the age of 27. He admired Basho MATSUO so much that he followed in his footsteps on a trip to the Tohoku region. “Yachiyo Town, Yuki District”, Jomon pottery, stone tools, and dwelling traces have been found in archaeological sites such as Kuriyama, Ozaki, and Niedo. During the Nara Period, the Kinugawa River, which had been winding around the west side of the Kawanishi District, was renovated to form the current Kinugawa River. In the Heian Period, iron making was carried out at Ozaki Maeyama, farm tools and weapons were made, and a samurai corps was formed. It was around this time that the Taira no Masakado turmoil occurred, and even in Yachiyo Town, Kuriyama, Ashigaya, Hiratsuka, etc. are treated as battlefields. At the end of the Warring States period, the eastern half of the town, including Sugenoya, Waka, and Ozaki, was under the control of Mr. TAGAYA, and from the north to the west was under the control of Mr. Yuki. In the Edo Period, due to the change of lords, the Yachiyo area came to have a complicated control of Mibu territory, Koga territory, imperial fief, Hatamoto domain and so on. In the Kyoho period（1716-1736）in the middle of the Edo Period, Iinuma and Yamakawa Swamp will be reclaimed and Yoshida irrigation will be completed. After the abolition of the feudal clan after the Meiji Restoration, the municipality system was enforced in 1889, and the old villages of Anjo, Shimoyuki, Nakayuki, Nishitoyoda, and Kawanishi were born, establishing the foundation of the autonomy system. After that, with the aim of expanding the transportation economic zone and strengthening local administration and finance with the rapid growth after the war, in 1955, the former five villages and Sanwa village Narita merged to form Yachiyo village. With the enforcement of the town system in 1972, it became Yachiyo Town. It is located in the center of the Kanto Plain, southwest of Ibaraki Prefecture, about 60 km to the capital Tokyo, about 70 km to the capital city of Mito, and about 20 km to Tsukuba, a city where science and technology are concentrated. It is adjacent to Shimotsuma City across the Kinugawa River in the east, Koga City in the west, Yuki City in the north, Joso City and Bando City in the south, and National Highway No. 125 runs east to west in the center of the town. The terrain is 7.7 km east-west, 12.4 km north-south, and the total area is 58.99 km2. The terrain is generally flat, with paddy fields open in the eastern part and upland fields in the western part, with the mountain river flowing through the central part of the town as the boundary, and a small amount of flatland forest remains. Wide area above sea level (eastern end) 139 ° 51′ (West end) 139 ° 57′(South end) 36 ° 07′ (North end) 36 ° 14’58.99 km2 (East and West) 7.7 km (North and South) 12.4 km (Maximum) 29.8 m (Minimum) 18.7 m. Regarding the weather, the average annual temperature is around 14 ℃, and the annual rainfall is around 1,250 mm. In winter, the northwest monsoon blows, but the amount of snowfall is extremely small and the climate is warm. Taking advantage of the flat and fertile land, warm climate, and location conditions near the capital, agriculture is regarded as the core industry, and mainly vegetables, rice cultivation, fruit trees, livestock, and other suburban agriculture are being developed, and the main areas of the metropolitan area. Famous as a food production base. In addition, it is one of the leading horticultural production areas in the prefecture, and among them, Chinese cabbage boasts the largest production volume in Japan, and net-based melons are also cultivated, and pears have been designated as a brand production area（1992年; 肥土（Akuto Pear）in the prefecture. The town boasts one of the largest melon production in the country, and when the time comes, the scent of sweet melon overflows throughout the town. In recent years, in addition to outdoor cultivation, we have also adopted house cultivation to make sweet and delicious melons. From May to June, many varieties such as Prince, Kinsho, Homerun, Takami, and Quincy are cultivated as spring melons. Among them, Takami Melon, which is the most produced in the town, is a large ball, juicy and has a high sugar content, has a long-lasting meat quality, and is often used as a souvenir and is appreciated. From September to October, Earl’s melon is cultivated as an autumn-suppressing melon. Earl’s melon is cultivated with strict control of temperature, humidity, water, etc., and only one fruit is produced per plant, giving it a rare and luxurious texture with a smooth texture. As the name Akuto Pear suggests, it grew up in the sober land of the Kinugawa River, bathed in the pure sunlight. Kosui Pear is cultivated in August, Hosui Pear in September, Akizuki Pear in October, and Niitaka Pear. Yachiyo Chinese cabbage is a hot pot dish that is often eaten in the cold season, and is a supporting role of the hot pot. The town boasts the highest production in Japan, producing autumn-winter Chinese cabbage and spring Chinese cabbage, and harvesting and shipping peaks from late October to mid-June. Autumn-winter Chinese cabbage has a softer fiber when exposed to frost, and the sugar content of the leaves increases, so the sweetness also increases. Spring Chinese cabbage is characterized by its freshness and fluffiness. Vitamin C is not lost even when salted, and good intestinal bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria are produced, so there are great expectations for an intestinal regulation effect. In addition to melons, pears and Chinese cabbage, the town produces a lot of delicious vegetables throughout the four seasons. In addition, because it is flat and has good water access, rice cultivation is also popular, and the far-reaching golden countryside occupies about 40% of the total crop harvest area. Chinese cabbage pickled in kimchi, which uses the highest production of Chinese cabbage in Japan, countryside miso, which uses locally produced soybeans, and rich, handmade natural brewed soy sauce that takes advantage of the blessed climate and water quality, have gained popularity for consumption. In addition, there are many flavors of hometown such as handmade dried natto and chewy udon, which gives a simple taste. 県指定建造物 : 佛性寺観音堂 / 仁王門（附観音堂宮殿1基 / 棟札1枚）, 2棟, 栗山, 佛性寺, 平29.12.25, 県指定彫刻 : 木心乾漆如来形坐像（付乾漆断片64片）, 1躯, 栗山, 仏性寺, 昭57.3.4, 県指定彫刻 : 木造十一面観音立像, 1躯, 大字八町, 新長谷寺. 八千代町教育委員会, 株式会社地域文化財コンサルタント 2009 “菱毛道西遺跡（大字平塚）” 八千代町埋蔵文化財調査報告書13 : 株式会社エフピコ工場建設に伴う遺跡の発掘調査, 工場建設, 集落, 古墳時代, 竪穴住居跡, 土師器: 坏, 甕他, 須恵器: 坏, 甕他, 石製品: 紡錘車他, 土製品: 土玉, 土錘他, 集落, 平安時代, 竪穴住居跡, 土師器: 坏, 甕他, 須恵器: 坏, 甕他, 灰釉陶器: 高台坏埦, 鉄製品: 釘他, 瓦片, 羽口. “Shimotsuma City”, On June 1, 1954, Shimotsuma Town, Kamitsuma Village, Fusakami Village, Toyokami Village, and Takasai Village merged to form the city. Prior to this, Shimotsuma Town, Taiho Village, and Tobanoe Village were merged on April 1, effectively merging one town and six villages. Then, on January 1, 2006, it merged with Chiyokawa Village, Yuki District and continues to the present day. In addition, the history of this region is old, and it is said that people have lived there for about 10,000 years, but the place name of “Shimotsuma” first appeared in the literature in 935, “Wamyō Ruijushō.” Furthermore, it was not until the Kamakura Period that the word “SHIMOTSUMA” was written, and from that time to the present, it occupies an important position as the center of the west of the prefecture and has contributed to the region. Located in the southwestern part of the prefecture, about 60 km from Tokyo. It borders Chikusei City in the north, Joso City in the south, Tsukuba Science City and Chikusei City in the east, and Yachiyo Town in Yuki District in the west. Located at 139 degrees 58 minutes east longitude and 36 degrees 11 minutes north latitude, at an altitude of 23.40 m, it is famous as a garden city blessed with greenery and water. With a total area of 80.88 km2, it has a rectangular shape close to a square, most of which is formed of relatively fertile land, with a sand swamp in the center, the Kokai River in the east, and the Kinugawa River in the west, with abundant water resources. The average temperature in summer is 24 ℃, the average temperature in winter is 4 ℃, and the average precipitation is 175 mm in summer and 40 mm in winter. Mild climate. Mainly complex management that combines fruit trees (pears, etc.), vegetables (watermelon, Chinese cabbage, etc.) and livestock (pig farming, beef cattle, etc.) with paddy rice as the axis. Ibaraki Prefecture is one of the most popular pig farming areas in Japan, and Shimotsuma is especially famous as a famous production area. Since the pig farming industry has been active for a long time, there are many butcher shops in the city, focusing not only on meat but also on processing, and each shop is competing for taste. Pears, which represent the taste of autumn, are a specialty of the producers, and their main varieties are red pears, such as Kosui Pear with plenty of sweetness, Hosui Pear with a slight acidity, and Niitaka Pear with large and soft fruits. Among them, “Shimotsuma Sweet and ripe Pear”, which is a limited-time shipment of Kosui Pear fully ripe on the tree, is a gem. After two years of trial production, “Pear Liqueur” that makes the most of the delicate scent of Kosui Pear is also recommended for consumers. Blessed with water, land and climate, it is valuable as one of the leading rice fields in the prefecture. “Koshihikari Rice” produced in the city is well-received by consumers as delicious and decorates the table. “Milky Queen Rice”, which is now widely produced and has a pleasant texture, is said to have originated in Shimotsuma and is famous as a representative variety. In addition, while working on the development of processed agricultural products such as local beer, natto, ham, and sausage using locally produced agricultural products, we will also ship to the agricultural products direct sales offices of “Roadside Station” and “Yasuragi no Sato” Producing area consumption is being promoted. “Tabanka Festival” : It is a strange festival where you can get rid of disasters by bathing in sparks that can only be seen here in Japan. It is said that its origin is a drama of the fact that when the Daihoji-Temple Bettobo Kenryoin broke out in 1370 (Oan 3), the fire was extinguished using “Tatami; Japanese straw floor covering” and “Nabebuta; Pot lid”. It is said to be a drama of the story. Daiho Hachimangu（大宝; 主祭神: 誉田別命; 応神天皇; 足仲彦命; 仲哀天皇; 気長足姫命; 神功皇后）is famous as the oldest Hachimangu in the Kanto region. This Tabanka Festival, which is held here on September 12th and 14th every year, is also known as the “Wax Gourd Festival” and presents the wax gourd to the shrine. On the tatami mats arranged in a tomoe shape in front of the shrine and the pot lid in the center, “Kawarake (flat plate)” with rice and winter gourd is placed. It is said that a young man in white costume, who is the role of the festival, throws it in front of the hall of worship. It is said that the person who picks up the crushed Kawarake fragments at this time does not get sick, and the worshipers compete to pick them up. It is said that the name came from the banging sound that was emitted at this time. Next, the role holding Torch, who received the torch fire of Great Taimatsu, runs around the precincts while swinging around. It is said that if you are exposed to the sparks of fire, you will be spared the disaster of fire, and worshipers and others will be bathed in cheers. 国登録有形文化財 : 建造物 : 二水会館(旧水海道町役場), 水海道天満町, 常総市, 平成9年12月12日. 五木宗レンガ蔵, 水海道元町, 個人, 平成12年 4月28日, 建造物 : 武道館 (旧水海道小学校雨天体操場兼講堂), 水海道栄町, 常総市, 平成15年 7月1日. 下妻市教育委員会 2017 “市内遺跡7” 下妻市埋蔵文化財調査報告書13 : 千草Ｂ古墳群第3次; 高道祖字千草, 工業団地造成, 古墳, 古墳時代, 古墳6, 溝状遺構10, 土坑14, 性格不明遺構12, 縄文土器, 土師器, 埴輪, 土師質土器, 磁器. 山神西遺跡; 皆葉字柴野, 個人住宅建築, 集落, 奈良 / 平安時代, 溝状跡1, 土師器, 須恵器, 土師質土器. 柴崎遺跡第3次; 村岡字柴崎, 個人住宅建築, 集落, 縄文, 古墳時代, 溝状遺構1, 土坑2, ピット状遺構3, 縄文土器, 土師器, 磁器. Historic site cultural property : 建造物国 : 大宝八幡宮本殿, 大宝, 大宝八幡宮, M39.04.14, 史跡国 : 大宝城跡, 大宝, S09.05.01, 史跡県 : 駒城跡, 黒駒, S10.11.26, 彫刻県 : 金銅阿弥陀如来三尊像, 高道祖, 常願寺, S37.02.26, 彫刻県 : 木造聖徳太子立像, 下妻乙（栗山）, 光明寺, S59.03.08, 彫刻県 : 木造観世音菩薩立像, 肘谷, 肘谷地区, S59.03.08, 彫刻県 : 木造十一面千手観音座像, 下妻乙（小野子）, 小野子自治区, H11.1.25, 工芸品県 : 瑞花雙鳥八稜鏡, 大宝, 大宝八幡宮, S40.02.24, 工芸品県 : 銅鐘大宝, 大宝八幡宮, S59.03.08, 考古資料県 : 丸木舟, 大宝, 大宝八幡宮, S59.03.08, 史跡市 : 横瀬夜雨の生家, 横根, 個人管理, S52.03.22, 史跡市, 多賀谷城本丸跡（旧名下妻城）, 本城町, S52.03.22, 史跡市 : 浅間塚古墳, 黒駒, 個人管理, S52.03.22, 史跡市 : 小島草庵跡, 小島, S52.03.22, 絵画市 : 絹本著色愛染明王像, 下妻丙（大町）, 円福寺, H08.12.26, 彫刻市 : 木造釈迦涅槃像（寝釈迦像）, 下妻丙（大町）, 金林寺, S61.03.31, 彫刻市 : 木造阿弥陀如来立像, 下妻戊（田町）, 雲充寺, H08.12.26, 建造物市 : 石造五輪塔, 黒駒, 個人管理, S54.11.05, 建造物市 : 今泉不動堂, 今泉, 今泉不動尊, 氏子総代, H08.12.26, 古文書市 : 多貿谷氏発給文書, 下妻乙（栗山）, 光明寺, H08.12.26, 古文書市 : 親鸞伝絵, 下妻乙（栗山）, 光明寺, H08.12.26, 古文書県 : 親鸞門侶交名, 下妻乙（栗山）, 光明寺, H19.11.16, 古文書市 : 吉澤家文書, 長塚ふるさと博物館, H08.12.26, 天然記念物市 : 親鸞御手植の菩提樹, 下妻乙（栗山）, 光明寺, S52.03.22, 天然記念物市 : 明空御手植の柊, 下妻乙（栗山）, 光明寺, S52.03.22, 天然記念物市 : 下妻神社の大欅, 下妻乙（西町）, 下妻神社, 氏子総代, S52.03.22, 無形民俗市 : 大宝八幡宮十二座神楽, 大宝十二座神楽保存会, S57.01.08, 無形民俗市 : 大町はやし, 下妻丙（大町）, 大町はやし保存会, S54.11.05, 無形民俗市 : 平方はやし, 平方, 平方はやし保存会, S54.11.05, 彫刻県 : 銅造薬師如来立像, 皆葉, 無量院, H7.1.23, 古文書市 : 宗任神社領朱印状, 本宗道, 宗任神社社家, H元.3.17, 古文書市 : 覚幸嶋十二郷豊田三十三郷惣高, 本宗道, 宗任神社社家, H元.3.17, 考古資料市 : 法光寺の板碑, 下栗, 法光寺, H元.3.17, 絵画市 : 絹本著色東方朔図（円山応挙）, 大園木, 個人管理, H2.3.17, 考古資料市 : 石造五輪塔, 下栗, 法光寺, H2.3.17, 考古資料市 : 薬王寺の板碑, 宗道, 薬王寺, H2.3.17, 天然記念物市 : 無量院の大ケヤキ, 皆葉, 無量院, H2.3.17, 史跡市 : 村岡柴崎古墳1号, 村岡, 個人管理, H2.10.8, 史跡市 : 村岡柴崎古墳2号, 村岡, 個人管理, H2.10.8, 無形民俗市 : 村岡の高灯籠, 村岡, 満徳寺檀徒衆, H5.2.25, 絵画市 : 明治諸家画帖全19図, 大園木, 個人管理, H5.2.25, 彫刻市 : 石造十三仏伊古立, 伊古立地区, H8.1.18, 歴史資料市 : 青龍権現老樹碑鎌庭, 鎌庭, 香取神社氏子, H14.11.18. “Joso City, Ibaraki Prefecture”, Located in the southwestern part of the prefecture, within 55 km from the city center. Tsukuba City / Tsukubamirai City is adjacent to the east, and Bando City is adjacent to the west. The north borders Yachiyo Town and Shimotsuma City, respectively. It extends about 20 km from north to south and about 10 km from east to west. I heard that the area is 123.64 km2. The altitude is about 5 to 24 m, and it has a Pacific climate. In addition, it is a calm and comfortable environment to live in throughout the four seasons. The Kinugawa River, a first-class river, runs almost in the center of the city. The lowlands in the east are vast paddy fields and the west is hiliy areas. Villages and fields, flatland forests spread out. Residential parks, industrial parks, golf courses, etc. have also been created. Urban functions are being strengthened as a suburban maintenance zone. Road system ; National highway 294 is maintained north and south of the city, and national highway 354 is maintained east and west. There are also major local roads and general prefectural roads that connect with surrounding municipalities. In addition, the KEN-O EXPRESSWAY has opened in the central part of the city. The development of a wide-area road network is underway. Railroad ; The north-south Kanto Railway Joso Line runs. Toride and Shimotsuma / Chikusei-Connect with Tsukuba Express in Moriya. The commuting area is expanding due to the shortening of the time required to reach central Tokyo. City trees, flowers, birds : Quercus glauca, Laurel forest, which has grown a lot as a virgin forest since ancient times. It is an evergreen, beautiful and powerful foliage, and is deeply rooted in the region. It is also planted as a hedge for wind and fire protection. Even, hard and sticky materials are often used for materials such as agricultural equipment. Since ancient times, he has been closely associated with daily life and has supported everyone. Cerasus Mill., It is a representative of Japanese flowers and is popular because of the beauty of the flowers. In particular, Cerasus jamasakura, which grows naturally on the plateau, is regarded as a symbol of agriculture. Since ancient times, it has been cherished with a deep connection to the lives of farmers. Cherry tree of Hachimanbori (Prunus yedoensis) : Sakura, which was familiar to the citizens, has disappeared, and there are many voices of its resurrection. We hope that the city will become a famous place for Cherry Blossoms again. Horornis diphone, A beautiful cry that conveys early spring. It is a familiar bird that has been called poetry since ancient times. The natural environment is good, and it seems that the cry is often heard even in urban areas. It is suitable for a city aiming for a natural city that is in harmony with such a beautiful environment. Joso Kinugawa River Fireworks Festival : It has been popular with the citizens for many years as a summer tradition. Since 2008, the name has been changed to the current name and the event has been held. The ten thousand fireworks are a masterpiece, and I have visited them several times. Toyoda Castle（region exchange center）: The Mr. Kanmu-Heishi（Taira clan）who ruled the region from the end of the Heian period to the Sengoku period. Mr. Toyoda, It is named after the historical fact that the castle was built on the banks of the Kokai River that flows to the east. 寿亀山天樹院弘経寺（Mt. Jugizan-Tenjuin Gugyoji-Temple ; Pure Land sect (of Buddhism)）: It prospered as a central temple（Jodo sect）in the Kanto region during the Muromachi period. Founded in 1414 by Tanyo Richo-saint. The Princess Sen（Ieyasu’s Tokugawa granddaughter）: There is a tomb containing sacred bones. Many beloved items, including the portal, are carefully preserved in the temple. A famous place for Sakura and Lycoris radiata. Every April, the “Tenju Festival” is held on the same day as the “Mitsukaido Princess Sen Festival.” A Sutra-copying party is also held on the 4th Saturday of every month. Concerts that match the flowering time of cluster amaryllis have also been well received. Mitsukaido Climate Museum / Sakano Family Residence, Main house and Front gate (Yakui-mon) are designated as national important cultural properties. The drawing room（Gepparou）, which was built as a detachment, is valuable as a modern japanese architecture of Taisho era. It seems that it has been open to the public since 2001. Birthplace of Takashi NAGATSUKA, A representative poet of the Araragi school, a student of SHIKI Masaoka. The author of the immortal work novel “Bauernliteratur ; soil, 1910.” Related to Soseki Natsume and Asahi Shimbun. It is designated as a historic site in the prefecture, and only the drawing room can be visited. Local brew, At that time, there were three ‘sake breweries. ’YAMANAKA Sake Brewery has been in business for over 200 years. Sake name “Only daughter” ; Sake made with sincerity to raise an important only daughter. NOMURA Brewery was founded in 1897. “Tsumugi beauty”, A gem that maximizes the taste of rice without additives. In addition, it brings out a rich and rich taste. TAKEMURA Sake Brewery is a long-established store for about 260 years. Brews and sells sake “Kyo no Yume, Fujiryu, and Ruri.” Rice crackers, : There are many rice cracker shops, so it’s fun. The SAKURAI rice cracker shop carefully bake sun-dried dough. It is a simple dish with an irresistible aroma of soy sauce. MOTOHASHI rice crackers are a long- established store that has been dedicated to senbei for 80 years. We carry out everything from rice purchase to flour milling, dough making, and baking. Carefully bake one by one at the storefront over charcoal. The taste is different depending on the shop, so immerse yourself in the afterglow from each taste. 常総市教育委員会 2007 “菅生城址（水海道栄町）” 常総市埋蔵文化財発掘調査報告 : 県営畑地帯総合整備事業（担い手支援型）菅生地区に伴う埋蔵文化財発掘調査報告書巻次, 集落, 城館, 平安, 竪穴建物2, 土師器, 灰釉陶器, 鉄滓, Investigation of the ruins of a castle in the 16th century, which is said to be the residence of Mr. Soma / Mr. Yokose. 主郭部を除いてほぼ全面調査を行い, 船着場の可能性がある深掘と後北条氏の影響下で増強された畝堀, 角馬出, 横矢掛けの虎口等が検出. 集落, 城館, 中世 (細分不明) 時代, 堀8, 土塁3, 地下式壙2, 井戸5, 土坑（木橋基礎）3, 土坑（土坑列含む）15, 掘立柱建物2, 竪穴1, かわらけ小皿, 内耳鍋, 擂鉢, 瀬戸美濃, 常滑, 銭貨, 鉄砲玉, 鉄滓, 石臼, 茶臼, 硯, 砥石. Designated cultural property : 建造物国, 坂野家住宅（主家 / 表門）, 大生郷町, 昭和43年4月25日, 絵画県 : 絹本着色御廟天神画, 大生郷町, 大生郷天満宮, 昭和35年12月21日, 絵画県 : 絹本着色神酒天神画, 大生郷町, 大生郷天満宮, 昭和35年12月21日, 絵画県 : 紙本着色北野天神縁起絵巻, 大生郷町, 大生郷天満宮, 昭和35年12月21日, 絵画県 : 紙本着色三十六歌仙絵, 大生郷町, 大生郷天満宮, 昭和35年12月21日, 工芸品県 : 阿弥陀如来懸仏, 水海道諏訪町, 個人, 昭和35年12月21日, 史跡県 : 長塚節生家, 国生, 個人, 昭和30年6月25日, 彫刻県 : 木造如意輪観音坐像附紙本墨書書状2通, 豊岡町乙, 法性寺, 平成7年1月23日, 彫刻県 : 木造聖徳太子立像, 附修理銘札3枚, 彩色奉加帳2冊, 菅生町, 無量寺, 平成19年11月16日, 無形民俗文化財県 : 大塚戸の綱火, 大塚戸町, 大塚戸芸能保存会, 平成11年11月25日, 絵画市 : 千姫姿絵, 豊岡町甲, 弘経寺, 昭和56年12月10日, 絵画市 : 絹本著色十一面観音像, 大生郷町, 大生郷天満宮, 昭和59年3月15日, 絵画市 : 絹本著色了誉聖冏像, 豊岡町乙, 法性寺, 昭和62年10月1日, 絵画市 : 渡辺備前守元義肖像画, 古間木, 個人, 平成2年 1月8日, 絵画市 : 菅公天神縁起絵巻, 馬場, 天満社, 平成2年1月8日, 絵画市 : 絹本著色嘆誉良肇上人像, 豊岡町乙, 安養寺, 平成25年 2月21日. 建造物市 : 弘経寺鐘楼, 豊岡町甲, 弘経寺, 昭和58年 3月1日, 建造物市 : 弘経寺経蔵（八角輪蔵）, 豊岡町甲, 弘経寺, 昭和58年3月1日, 建造物市 : 一言主神社本殿, 大塚戸町, 一言主神社, 昭和59年3月15日, 建造物市 : 八幡神社本殿, 水海道橋本町, 八幡神社, 昭和59年3月15日, 建造物市 : 水海道天神社本殿, 水海道天満町, 水海道天神社, 昭和59年3月15日, 建造物市 : 日枝神社本殿, 菅生町, 氏子総代会長, 昭和63年9月19日, 建造物市 : 別雷神社本殿, 菅生町, 氏子総代会長, 昭和63年9月19日, 建造物市 : 高札台 鴻野山, 個人, 平成2年1月8日, 建造物市 : 高札台 崎房, 個人, 平成2年1月8日, 建造物市 : 旧報徳銀行, 水海道支店水海道, 宝町, 常総市, 平成18年12月22日, 建造物市 : 坂野家住宅書院, 大生郷町, 常総市, 平成18年12月22日, 工芸品市 : 紫龍石の硯, 豊岡町甲, 弘経寺, 昭和56年12月10日, 工芸品市 : 弘経寺 扁額, 豊岡町甲, 弘経寺, 昭和56年12月10日, 工芸品市 : 鉄切付盛上黒塗碁石頭縹糸素掛威（二枚胴具足(てつきりつけもりあげくろうるしごいしがしらはなだいとすがけおどし）, 豊岡町甲, 弘経寺, 昭和56年12月10日, 考古資料市 : のろ流出孔栓, 内守谷町, 個人, 昭和58年 3月1日, 考古資料市 : 羽口, 内守谷町, 個人, 昭和58年 3月1日, 考古資料市 : 金剛界大日三尊像板碑, 中妻町, 個人, 昭和58年 3月1日, 考古資料市 : 蔵持建長銘板碑, 蔵持, 蔵持自治会, 平成17年12月22日, 考古資料市 : 西福寺の建長銘板碑, 新石下, 西福寺, 平成17年12月22日, 史跡市 : 千姫の墓, 豊岡町甲, 弘経寺, 昭和56年12月10日, 史跡市 : 累の墓, 羽生町, 法蔵寺, 昭和59年 3月15日, 史跡市 : 六所塚, 蔵持, 香取神社, 平成2年1月8日, 史跡市 : “菅生城址”, 菅生町, 常総市ほか, 個人3名, 平成21年10月23日, 書籍市 : 紺紙金泥阿弥陀経, 豊岡町甲, 弘経寺, 昭和56年12月10日, 彫刻市 : 金銅阿弥陀如来立像, 豊岡町甲, 弘経寺, 昭和56年12月10日, 彫刻市 : 木造如来立像, 曲田, 曲田公民館, 平成13年12月1日, 彫刻市 : 木造如来立像及び二脇侍立像, 豊田, 宗心院, 平成13年12月1日, 彫刻市 : 木造正観音菩薩立像, 豊田, 長楽寺, 平成13年12月1日, 彫刻市 : 木造阿弥陀如来坐像, 本石下, 川端自治会, 平成13年12月1日, 彫刻市 : 木造薬師如来坐像, 大房, 東弘寺, 平成13年12月1日, 天然記念物市 : 弘経寺のスギ (来迎杉), 豊岡町甲, 弘経寺, 昭和56年12月10日, 天然記念物市 : 大塚戸のムクノキ, 大塚戸町, 一言主神社, 昭和56年12月10日, 天然記念物市 : 鹿小路のタブノキ, 内守谷町, 個人, 昭和62年10月1日, 天然記念物市 : 諏訪神社のケヤキ, 水海道諏訪町, 諏訪町町内会, 平成14年4月1日, 天然記念物市 : 大日塚大ケヤキ, 鴻野山, 香取神社, 平成2年1月4日, 天然記念物市 : 峯薬師様大椎, 篠山, 峯薬師堂, 平成2年1月8日, 天然 記念物市 : 稲荷神社大ケヤキ, 新石下, 稲荷神社, 平成2年1月8日, 天然 記念物市 : 菅生沼タチスミレ群落, 菅生町, 常総市, 平成28年12月23日, 工芸技術市 : 石下結城紬, 工芸技術, 新石下, いしげ結城紬工芸技術保存会, 昭和56年12月7日, 工芸技術市 : 木版画, 新石下, 個人, 平成17年 3月1日, 工芸技術市 : 木版画, 本石下, 個人, 平成17年 3月1日, 無形民俗文化財市 : 内守谷本郷馬鹿囃子, 内守谷町, 内守谷本郷芸能保存会, 昭和59年 3月15日, 無形民俗文化財市 : 長ノ入の獅子舞 (馬鹿囃子), 内守谷町, 長ノ入鬼怒囃子保存会, 平成元年12月10日, 無形民俗文化財市 : 水海道神楽, 水海道栄町, 水海道神楽保存会, 楽々会, 平成11年4月14日, 無形民俗文化財市 : 石下天神ばやし, 原宿, 石下天神ばやし保存会, 平成2年1月8日, 無形民俗文化財市 : 石下飴屋踊り, 本石下, 石下郷土芸能保存会, 平成17年 3月1日, 無形民俗文化財市 : とんだやばやし (神田囃子) , 新石下, とんだやばやし保存会, 平成21年10月23日. “Tsukuba City”, It is located in the southwestern part of the prefecture, about 50 km southwest of Mito City, the prefectural capital of Ibaraki Prefecture, about 50 km northeast of the capital Tokyo, and about 40 km northwest of Narita International Airport. With an area of 283.72 km2, it is the fourth largest in the prefecture. It has the famous Mt. Tsukuba in the north Kanto region, and Kasumigaura, which has the second largest area in Japan, is in the east, and is also designated as Suigo Tsukuba National Monument. In addition, most of the city area except the Mt. Tsukuba area is a flat terrain covered with the Kanto loam layer at an altitude of 20 to 30 m called the Tsukuba / Inashiki plateau. Rivers such as the Kokai River, Sakura River, Yata River, and Nishi Yata River that flow from north to south create a calm rural landscape together with the surrounding flatland forests, fields, and paddy fields. Regarding the climate, the average annual temperature was 14.9 degrees Celsius, which was a warm region, and the annual rainfall was 1,407.0 mm. (FY2016) In addition, it snows about two to three times a year, and the dry, cold wind called “Tsukuba grated” that blows in winter is a characteristic of the southern part of Mt. Tsukuba. Total area is 283.72 km2, location, north latitude: 36 degrees 5 minutes 0.9 seconds, east longitude: 140 degrees 4 minutes 35 seconds. There are many remains of the Jomon and Yayoi periods in the city. In the middle of the Jomon period, seawater entered the inland along a large river, and there was a shallow sea around here as well. The Takura shell mound that shows this remains in the city. When farming spread, powerful people appeared, and they seemed to have built an old burial mound in connection with the Yamato court. About 200 burial mounds have been confirmed in the city, and the Yahatatsuka burial mound, which is a designated archaeological site of the prefecture, is a typical example. It is a 91 m-long front-rear burial mound built in the first half of the 6th century, and is presumed to be the tomb of Abeshi no Mikoto; 阿閉色命. Due to the Taika Reform (645), the six countries of Ko, Kuji, Naka, Niihari, Tsukuba, and Ibaraki will be integrated as Hitachi Province, and Tsukuba City will become Tsukuba District. In Hirasawa in the city, there is an archaeological site that is presumed to be the government office of Tsukuba District, and it is designated as a national historic site. In Hojo, near Hirasawa, there is a 3 km square remnant of the rule system of the time. In addition, the hemp delivered from Tsukuba District, which can be seen in the Shoso Imperial Treasure, and the song of the guardian (Sakimori) dispatched from Tsukuba in the Manyoshu (guardian of the Kyushu coast: Emperor Kotoku; Kaishin no Mikotonori). Can be seen in this area, which was incorporated into the Ritsuryo nation at that time. After that, as the Ritsuryo system was gradually dismantled, the Taira no Masakado-Ko turbulence occurred. In the first half of the 10th century, Taira no Masakado was defeated by Taira no Sadamori（Junior Fifth Rank, Upper, Great talents mature late）because of the internal conflict of the Taira clan who prospered at the foot of Mt. The warriors emerged in the wake of the Johei / Tengyo turmoil, Jokyu War and the Middle Ages began. Nationally designated cultural property / historic site: Hirasawa Kangai Ruins : Hirasawa Government Site, which is presumed to have been the county office in Tsukuba District in ancient times. There is also a valuable Jori remains of about 3 km square, where you can see the ancient Land Readjustment Act. Local History-Medieval, Nationally Designated Cultural Properties and Historic Sites: Oda Castle Ruins-Oda Castle, located in Oda, Tsukuba, is the residence of Mr. Oda, who was a force in this region from the Kamakura period to the end of the Warring States period. Around the main enclosure, many kuruwa, earthen swords, and moats are intricately combined and spread like ripples, and it seems that the whole structure was for the defense of the main enclosure. In the Kamakura period, Tomoie Hatta-Ko, a clan of the influential gokenin Utsunomiya, was appointed as a guardian of Hitachi Province and is based in Oda in the city. And Mr. Hatta’s general family named himself Oda’s surname and ruled this area based in Oda until he was defeated by Mr. Satake during the Warring States period. The remains of Oda Castle still remain near the former Tsukuba Railway Oda Station. Only a few mounds remain in the main circle, but the moat remains over a fairly wide area, demonstrating the size of Mr. Oda’s power. Also, at the foot of the mountain, a little away from the ruins of Oda Castle, there is the ruins of Mimurayama Gokurakuji, which was preached by Ryokanbo-Ninsho（Yamato Province; 1217 Born in Nara Prefecture: A priest of Risshu Sect, he is committed to helping vulnerable groups such as leprosy patients.）, a priest of the Saidaiji Risshu under the auspices of Mr. Oda. The Olympic tower is left. Prefectural designated cultural property / sculpture, stone statue of Jizo Bodhisattva（Oda）: Furthermore, along the road leading to the temple ruins, there is a stone statue of Jizo Bodhisattva called “Yujizo”. At the top of Mt. Hokyo in the background is Hokyo Into, which is a cultural property designated by the prefecture, and it is said that all of them are closely related to the activities of Risshu（Buddhism）at that time. Mr. Oda, who was robbed of the Hitachi guardianship by Mr. Satake at the end of the Kamakura period, arrives in the Southern Court when the battle between the North and South Dynasties begins. Kitabatake Chikafusa, who came down to the eastern country for a comeback, relied on Mr. Oda to move to Oda Castle and continued to write letters urging the warlords of the Southern Court to rise. However, reinforcements did not come, and Emperor Go-Daigo died, and Chikafusa wrote “Jinno Seitoki” in Oda Castle. Eventually, Mr. Oda could not hold up and returned to the Northern Court, and Mr. Kitabatake fell to Sekijo. Mr. Oda became a gokenin of the Ashikaga Shogunate and was relieved of the castle and territory. During the Muromachi period, the Kanto region continued to face wars such as the Zenshu UESUGI War, the Eikyo War, and the Siege of Yuuki. Defeated in the battle and surrendered the castle. Mr. Oda, who formed an alliance with Mr. Hojo Odawara, was attacked by Mr. Satake, who was based in the northern part of Hitachi, and a battle in Tehaizaka was held. Mr. Satake became a lord of Hitachi Province by Hideyoshi Toyotomi, and Masakage KAJIWARA entered Oda Castle. After the Battle of Sekigahara, Mr. Satake was moved to Dewa (Akita Prefecture), and the Mito built by Mr. Satake came under the control of the Tokugawa Gosanke family. After Ieyasu entered Edo, the lords changed rapidly in the Ibaraki region, and the territory, tenryo, and Hatamoto’s territories were confused. It seems that only the Yatabe clan survived as an independent clan until the shogunate collapsed in the city. In the Edo period, an inventor named Mr. Igashichi Iizuka was born in Yatabe, and designed and made Japanese clocks, karakuri dolls, machines, and buildings. It was during this period that the famous “Gama no Abura; Yu” was made, and the Ryusui Manto Festival of the Hyakuya began. Compared to the Warring States period, it can be said that the violence, the wolf, and the burning have subsided, and the world has become more stable and the common people’s culture has blossomed. Water transportation such as the Tone River and Kokai River was developed, and Mito Kaido, Tsukuba Kaido, Obari Kaido, Hosokawa Kaido, etc. were improved, and trees were planted on the main roads. In the Yatabe area, the pine trees of that time remain as “Fudo pine trees”. At the end of the Edo period, when the economic turmoil caused by the opening of the country overwhelmed the economic impasse of the Bakuhan system, the theory of revere the Emperor. Among them, the Mito clan and others not only caused a change outside Sakuradamon, but also raised troops on Mt. Tsukuba in 1864, causing a “Tengu Party Rebellion” involving the entire Joso region. This was suppressed by the Mito clan, but the revere the Emperor movement gradually transformed into a debate movement, and eventually the shogunate collapsed and the new Meiji government was established. Prefectural designated cultural property / historic site: Gokakudo and Japanese clock Designed by Igashichi Iizuka, who took the nickname “Karakuri Igashichi” for a rare invention in the latter half of the Edo period. A regular pentagonal pyramid building. It is said that the restoration of the big clock made by Igashichi is installed in the Yatabe Folk Museum. Prefectural designated cultural property / natural monument: Fudo pine trees in Yatabe : It is said that Okimoto Hosokawa（First feudal lord）, who ruled Yatabe during the Edo period, improved the road leading from cantonment gate to Edo and planted pine trees. “Modern history” : In the Meiji era, the new government took over the territory of the Tokugawa family. The prefectural office of Wakamori Prefecture, which has jurisdiction over the former Shogunate control and Hatamoto Tomoyukisho in Hitachi, was set up in the current Oho district. The abolition of the feudal clan was implemented in 1871, and the city became Niihari prefecture, which was integrated into Ibaraki prefecture in 1875. Then, in 1889, the city / town / village system was enforced, and the current city areas include Tsukuba Town, Hojo Town, Tai Village, Taisuiyama Village, Oda Village, Sugama Village, Sakuoka Village, Kamigo Village, Asahi Village, Onogawa Village, and Mase Village. , Shimana Village, Katsuragi Village, Yatabe Town, Oho Village, Kurihara Village, Kokonoe Village, Sakae Village, etc. are born. After that, Japan, which ran into imperialism after the Sino-Japanese War and the First World War, entered the Second World War. In 1945, Japan, which was defeated at an unprecedented cost in this war, began its path to democratization, including the liberation of farmland and the enactment of the Constitution of Japan. In 1953, the Municipal Merger Promotion Law was enacted, after which the above-mentioned towns and villages were integrated into five towns and villages: Tsukuba Town, Oho Town, Toyosato Town, Yatabe Town, and Sakura Village. In 1963, the construction of Tsukuba Science City was decided, and it was decided to build it in Tsukuba Town, Oho Town, Toyosato Town, Yatabe Town, Sakura Village, and Kukizaki Village. In 1985, the Science Expo was held in Tsukuba Science City, and in November 1987, Oho Town, Toyosato Town, Yatabe Town, and Sakura Village merged to form Tsukuba City. In January of the following year, Tsukuba Town was also incorporated, making it the city with the third largest population in the prefecture after Mito City and Hitachi City, and is still developing. “Science Expo Tsukuba 85′” invested a total of 650 billion yen on the theme of “human beings, living, environment and science and technology” in Tsukuba Science City for 184 days from March 17th to September 16th, 1985. Was held. At the opening ceremony, His Imperial Highness the Crown Prince (Now His Majesty the Emperor Naruhito) declared the convention that “people who visit here will be able to think more about how humans interact with science and technology.” The Expo held in “Tsukuba”, the city of science, was a century celebration with 28 pavilions set up by domestic organizations and 38 international organizations from 47 countries exhibiting. The total number of visitors during the session exceeded 20 million, and the average number of visitors per day was 110,000. As a result, it seems that there was a great achievement in promoting the Tsukuba Science City widely inside and outside the country. At the Ibaraki Pavilion, a pavilion in the shape of a male and female body of Mt. Tsukuba will be built to express the uniqueness of Ibaraki, and the state-of-the-art technology of the school city will be exhibited in the hall. His Imperial Highness the Crown Prince (then, the current Emperor) and his wife also visited the Ibaraki Pavilion and the Tsukuba Expo, and enjoyed the latest science. “Noda City”, The area is 103.55 km2, and topographically, the Tone River and the Edo River branch off at the northernmost tip of the city, and the Tone River to the east, the Edo River to the west, and the Tone Canal to the south surround the river on three sides. It is about 60 km around this embankment, and it is well known as a natural environment that is ideal for walking and jogging as a cycling course. Form a town rich in history, culture and nature. Looking back on history, the northern part prospered around the castle of the Sekiyado Domain, which had a river barrier as the gateway to the big city of Edo, and the southern part was the soy sauce brewing industry that supported the food culture of “Edokko” along with agriculture. In addition, the soy sauce brewing industry has developed, and even now, the urban area is dotted with buildings from the Taisho Era to the early Showa Period, and it is very emotional. In addition, there is a memorial hall that honors former Prime Minister Kantaro SUZUKI, who led the Pacific War to the end, and Kinjiro SEKINE, the 13th master of modern shogi, who has established a system of talented masters. The Edo Shogunate placed great importance on Sekiyado Castle and placed Fudai Daimyo in Sekiyado for generations. It is well known that the feudal lord lasted for eight families and 23 generations until the end of the Edo period. Among them, Mr. Kuze’s reign was the longest, and he occupied an important position in the shogunate as he took important positions such as the old and middle ages. Sekiyado Castle in the Edo period hardly exists, but there is a “Chiba Prefectural Sekiyado Castle Museum” that imitates the castle tower, and I have visited it several times. While introducing the history of river improvement and water transportation under the theme of the history of the clan and “Rivers and related industries,” it is an important facility for exhibiting materials related to the people in the basin and the rivers and learning about their hometown. Kantaro SUZUKI was born in Fuseo, Izumi Province (currently Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture), the eldest son of the Sekiyado Domain, Yutetsu SUZUKI（His maiden name is Mr. KURAMOCHI, commonly known as Tamenosuke. , and returned to Sekiyado in 1872. It seems that he moved to. In 1923, he was admiral of the Navy, and later served as Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Fleet and Chamberlain of Emperor Showa. He was appointed Prime Minister on April 7, 1945, leading the Pacific War to the end of the war, and although he was in office for only four months, he returned to Sekiyado after a major role and lived a quiet life. In his hometown, it is a famous story that he started the “Agriculture Study Group” focusing on dairy farming using grass on the riverbed and held lectures by specialized lecturers by taking advantage of the characteristics of the area. Therefore, Noda City is still active in dairy farming and takes root in the area. The “Kantaro Memorial Hall” was opened in 1963 to widely introduce the achievements of the old man, and many relics such as formal wear and daily life items are exhibited, fascinating as a valuable museum. Mr. Sekine has been a strong shogi player since he was a child, and by the time he entered elementary school, he had no match for the locals. At the age of 11, he moved to Tokyo with the aim of becoming a professional shogi player, and after repeated training, he was promoted to 4th dan in 1891 and 8th dan in 1905. It was around this time that the third match with Sankichi Sakata, who became the model for the movie “Osho（VS, Sankichi SAKATA; 吹けば飛ぶよな 将棋の駒に: コロムビアレコード, The lyrics are Mr. Yaso Saijo, the composition is Mr. Tooru FUNAMURA, and the song is Mr. Hideo MURATA, released in November 1961.）”. This is a Japanese movie released on October 18, 1948, and it is no longer produced. In 1921, after becoming a 13th generation master at the age of 53, he abolished the hereditary system and the whole life master system that had continued for 340 years, and established a championship master system. He laid the foundation for the prosperity of today’s shogi world, such as establishing the Japan Shogi Taiseikai, the predecessor of the current Japan Shogi Association, and is widely known as the “father of modern shogi.” As an information dissemination base for shogi, the “關根 Meijin Memorial Hall” constantly displays about 40 items related to masters, and holds about 2,400 books on shogi from the Edo Period to the present day. Next to the memorial hall, there is a 52 tatami mat room where anyone can easily point to shogi, which is unbearable for fans. もの知りしょうゆ館 : At the museum opened by “Kikkoman” in the factory, you can enjoy learning about the color, taste, and aroma of soy sauce while observing the factory until the soy sauce is made. 野田市教育委員会（鶴奉） 2021 “令和2年度, 野田市内遺跡発掘調査報告” : 上野馬込遺跡, 第15次（花井新田字三丁歩）, 宅地造成, 集落, 古墳 / 近世(細分不明) 時代. 山崎貝塚周辺遺跡, 第25次, 分譲宅地, 集落, 縄文時代, 縄文時代土器. 中野台貝塚, 第5次 / 本調査（字行人谷）, 個人住宅, 貝塚, 縄文時代, 縄文時代竪穴建物1, 土坑, Pit, 縄文時代: 土器, 縄文時代:　石器. 岡部館跡（山崎字梅台）, 宅地造成, 城館, 中世 (細分不明), 近世 (細分不明) 時代, 古墳時代土坑1, 縄文時代土器, 石器, 古墳時代中期土師器. 東新田野馬土手（山崎字殿山）, 戸建分譲, 中世 (細分不明), 近世 (細分不明) 時代, 中世～近世野馬堀1. 山崎貝塚周辺遺跡, 第26次, 個人, 集落, 縄文. 岩名新屋敷遺跡（字宮田）, 個人住宅, 縄文 / 中世(細分不明), 近世 (細分不明) 時代, 中近世溝1, 縄文時代土器, 中近世土師質土器. 溜井遺跡, 第4次（吉春字溜井）, 駐車場, 縄文 / 中世 (細分不明), 近世 (細分不明) 時代, 中近世塚1. “Slender eggplant”, A variety that is vertically longer than the ‘Senryo eggplant’. Since there is no bulge that protrudes long under the calyx (the part of the neck without seeds), it is possible to take a large number of the same size when sliced into round slices. Since the waistline is short, it does not easily collapse and looks good. Although it varies slightly depending on the place of origin, it gives the impression that the skin is relatively thinner than ordinary eggplants.