Research the morphology, origin, efficacy, etc. of medicinal plants, animals, and minerals: Hirokata YASHIRO (secretarial assistant) was in charge of writing the plants part of KOKONYORANKO (Volume 560) compiled by the shogunate, and set up a pharmacy-minerals and rocks chronicle-A person found by Masaatsu Hotta.

甘甘燦燦

【種類】

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

【生産地】

山梨県山梨市, 甲州市, 笛吹市, 春日居地区（鎮目, 国府, 徳条地区を除き）（JAフルーツやまなし）

【名前の由来】

I heard that it was named because it is sweet and the fruit is fat. “Brightly” : It refers to the vivid and beautiful appearance of colors.

【主な特徴】

In early April 2022, it was announced on the 1st that the United States requested Japan to lift the ban on the import of fresh US peach fruits. Currently, imports are banned to prevent the invasion of pests, but the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan seems to explain that technical discussions will be held in the future. Yamanashi Prefecture thinks that it will have a large impact on the production areas in the prefecture, and it seems that it will ask the country to provide information on the production situation and negotiations in the United States. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the request from the United States seems to be dated February 4, this year. Peach from the United States is a pest of the pest Codling moth (Cydia pomonella: a member of the tortrix moth with a spread of 18 to 22 mm. The body color is reddish milky white. There are oval spots. The hind wings are whitish at the base and reddish-brown toward the outer edge. Grapholita molesta (a pest of the order Tortrix moth, mainly larvae damage the fruit. It seems to eat and damage. Overwintering is done by making cocoons in the cracks of the bark of the branch trunk. The hatched larva (first generation) is similar to the one that feeds on the tip of the branch), but is larger. Habitat Reproduction Ecology Spawns on the surface of unripe fruits and leaves. Ecological characteristics Unlike the codling moth, the larva It seems that it does not eat into the shoots. The eating habit is a plant food. It seems that it eats the fruit flesh of the fruit. It seems that they are discussing whether it is possible to lift the import ban. According to trade rules, import bans to prevent the invasion of pests require scientific grounds, and if it is concluded that control is possible, the ban will be lifted. It is a traditional Japanese agricultural product where the season is important, and it is heartbreaking to see the feelings of the workers and producers because of the fruits that are enjoyed in the season and have a deadline. Agriculture has multiple functions such as national land, environmental conservation, and living environment as well as food supply. Looking only at the food supply aspect, it is possible to improve productivity by using chemical fertilizers and chemically synthesized pesticides. However, if too much chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used for that purpose, soil and rivers may be polluted and the ecosystem balance may be disturbed. It is certain that it can go around and adversely affect human health. “Environmental conservation type agriculture” is a sustainable agriculture that takes advantage of the material circulation function of agriculture, paying attention to harmony with productivity, and reducing the environmental load by using chemical fertilizers and pesticides through soil preparation. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can pollute the land and destroy the ecosystem. It is good to plant cover crops (green manure) during the period when the crops are not cultivated for sustainable agricultural production in harmony with the environment. “Conservation Oriented Agriculture”: Organic farming, natural farming, alternative farming, low-input sustainable farming, etc. are included, but from the strictest standpoint of pesticide-free and chemical-free fertilizer cultivation, the use of chemical materials is not permitted at all. , There is a range to the position of reduced chemical fertilizer. The national government enacted the Sustainable Agriculture Law in 1999 to provide support by lending agricultural improvement funds to certified farmers and providing special measures for taxation of agricultural machinery. In addition, the law states that “agricultural production method with high sustainability” is “a rational agricultural production method that is recognized as contributing to the maintenance and promotion of the productivity of agricultural land derived from the nature of soil and other favorable farming environments.” Defined, specifically, technology related to the application of organic materials such as compost that has a high soil improvement effect, technology related to the application of fertilizer that has a high effect of reducing the application of chemically synthesized fertilizers, control of weeds and pests, etc. Among the technologies related to this, the ones that are highly effective in reducing the use of chemically synthesized pesticides are listed. GAP is an acronym for Good Agricultural Practice, which is usually translated as Good Agricultural Practice or Agricultural Production Process Management. GAP is like ISO (International Standard) and means the norms of production process control and hygiene control such as whether pesticides are used correctly, safe fertilizers are used, and they are washed with clean water. In addition, an agricultural management entity recognized as having cleared these norms by examination by a third-party organization can obtain GAP certification. Since GAP is a norm for process control, it is expected to have the effect of preventing problems and facilitating the investigation of the cause, compared to conventional result control. The country of origin of peaches is China, and it is said that they were introduced to Persia on the Silk Road, to Greece and Rome around the 1st century, and to the Americas in the 17th century. Nectarines are a family of peaches, but unlike peaches, the skin has no hair and the whole is shiny, so they are also called oil peaches and hikari peaches. In Japan, according to Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, native species already existed in the Yayoi period, and it seems that they were eaten in the Heian period, but in the Meiji period, they were watertight eastward from China. Peach (Tianjin and Shanghai) was imported, and the mutation gave birth to a white peach species peculiar to Japan. Peach is offered during the lantern festival（Generally, it is 4 days from August 13th to 16th. 2021 is from Friday, August 13th to Monday, August 16th. In the past, July 13th to 16th of the lunar calendar was Obon. According to the new calendar, it is from mid-August to early September; 盂蘭盆会. I heard that Japan was adopted in 1873, and in many areas, it was started around August 15th, with an easy-to-understand shift of just one month (with a month delay). July 13th to 16th of the lunar calendar: Okinawa and Amami regions of Kagoshima prefecture: In Okinawa and Amami regions, the dates change depending on the year because the Obon festival is still held according to the lunar calendar. It is one day shorter than other areas, and is usually three days from July 13th to 15th of the lunar calendar. First Obon following someone’s death: “Niibon” refers to the lantern festival that is greeted for the first time after the death of a person and the completion of the 49th day of the memorial service.）and is the autumn season word in the world of poetry, but there are some varieties of Wase peach that will be harvested in June. Therefore, some peaches are ready to eat in early summer, depending on the variety. The Nakate variety will be harvested from late June to late July, and finally the Okute variety will be harvested from mid-August to early September. It is said that the origin of thighs is China, and in Japan, species of thighs have been found in the remains of the Yayoi period, and they are also described in Kojiki and Nihon Shoki. In China, there is a tale that a hermit who ate a peach became immortal, so it is also called “Senka（It has long been popular as a plant and fruit that exterminates evil spirits and gives immortality and longevity. The story of the Queen Mother of the West, and the reason why she was planted in Wuling Taoyuan, Mt. Tendai, etc.）”, and it has been thought that it has the effect of removing evil from flowers, leaves, and branches. It is said that even in Japan it scares demons, and there is a theory that this led to the old tale “Momotaro”. In ancient times, it was cultivated mainly for ornamental purposes, and it was not until the Meiji era that it began to spread as an edible product. In 1899, Shigegoro Okubo old man of Okayama Prefecture discovered Hakuto, which is said to be the originator of Japanese thighs. After that, representative varieties of Japan such as “Hakuho, Akatsuki, and Kawanakajima Hakuto“ appeared one after another. The white part (seed) in the large seed-like mass (nucleus) in the peach is called “Persicae semen（It is bitter and flat, and it enters the blood of the two sutras of the heart and soul, and it is defeated by excretion due to bitterness. Because it is superior, it is well-known as a regular medicine for Gyotan Sutra. Blood stasis drug (physiological drug), which promotes blood circulation and removes blood stasis, is considered to be a classification of Chinese medicine.）”, and it is used for the treatment of gynecological diseases such as postpartum swelling and irregular menstruation in addition to coughing. I will use it. Amygdalin; C20H27NO11（Laetrile: A word that combines the prefix of laevorotatory and mandelonitrile, and is a semi-synthetic form of amygdalin. It is called vitamin B17, and although it was claimed to be related to vitamins, it is not an essential nutrient for metabolism in the body. Also, I heard that it does not correspond to vitamins because there is no deficiency. Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside.）contained in this peach seed is known to have an action of relieving the symptom “blood stagnation” in which the viscosity of blood becomes high and the flow becomes poor. In addition, peach pulp is rich in dietary fiber and pectin and is effective for intestinal regulation and constipation, and flowers (dried products) are called “white peach blossoms” and are used as laxatives. Furthermore, the leaves contain a lot of tannins and flavones that have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, and it is said that taking dried leaves in a bath has the effect of relieving heat rash and eczema. From the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries variety registration (Japanese name: peach species), Name of registered variety “Ama Ama Sansan”, name of variety at the time of publication of application Application number 20217, date of application 2006/10/06, date of publication of application 2007/03/02, registration number 17099 , Registration date 2008/10/16, Duration of breeder’s right 30 years, Date of extinction of breeder’s right Name and address of variety registrant, Fukushima Tenkoen Co., Ltd. (Arai, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture), Name of the person who raised the registered varieties Kenichi SAITO. Restrictions on exports Restrictions on production in designated countries Overview of plant characteristics of designated area-registered varieties: This variety was cultivated by crossing “Yuzora Peach” with “Kawanakajima Hakuto Peach”, and the fruit size is large, the fruit shape is round, the ground color of the pericarp and the color of the flesh are pale yellow. It is a variety that matures in mid-September in the breeding ground (Kunimi Town, Date District, Fukushima Prefecture). The shape of the tree, the size of the tree, and the vigor of the tree are medium. The red pigment in the shoots is rather abundant. The leaf height is medium, the leaf blade width is narrow, the leaf blade color is green, and the nectary shape is spherical to kidney-shaped. Flower bloom type is normal bloom, calyx tube inner wall color is greenish yellow, flower size is large, petal color is pink, petal shape is single, petal size is medium, shape is oval, wavy, pollen There is no presence or absence of. The size of the fruit is large, the shape is round, the shape of the apex is wide and shallow, the depth of the suture line is medium, the width of the incision is slightly wide, the depth is deep, the ground color of the flesh is pale yellow, the flesh The color covered is dark red, the color covered is slightly less, the color type is striped and mottled, the presence or absence of hair on the peel and the density are coarse, the adhesion of the peel is slightly strong, and the ground color of the flesh is Light yellow, minimal coloration in the flesh, medium coloration around the nucleus, dense flesh, slightly low fiber, slightly high fruit juice, fairly high sweetness, low acidity and astringency, medium aroma be. The size of the nucleus is maximum, the shape is oval, the stickiness with the flesh is a viscous nucleus, the shade of brown is medium, and the nucleus cracking is absent or slight. The germination period is medium, the flowering period is a little late, the maturity period is extremely long, the maturity period in the growing area is mid-September, the early fruit drop is small, and the late fruit drop and fruit cracking are medium. Compared to “Plump beauty: Fukuyoka Bijin（Fukushima Tenkoen registered the variety in 2005, which was selected and cultivated by Kazuma UEMATSU of Yamagata Prefecture from the natural hybrid seedlings of “Yuzora Peach”. The name at the time of filing was “Arigato”. The fruit weighs 300-350 grams. The fruit shape is oblate and the skin is magenta on the entire surface, but fine cracks may occur without a bag. The meat is solute, has a lot of fruit juice, has a sugar content of 14 to 15 degrees, has a strong sweetness, and has a good taste.）”, the color that covers the pericarp is less, the nucleus is larger, etc., and compared to “Queen Mother of the West”, the shape of the fruit is circular, the nucleus is larger, etc. Is recognized. The quality was higher than that of the very late varieties so far, the juice was very large, the sugar content was high, the sweetness was strong (15 to 17 degrees), and the taste was extremely good.