【製品名（商品名）】
にっこり, 元気あっぷ梨
【種類】
Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai var. culta (Mak.) Nakai
【生産地】
栃木県矢板市, さくら市, 塩谷郡塩谷町, 高根沢町（JAしおのや, JA全農とちぎ）
【名前の由来】
It was named “Nikkori” by combining the tourist destination “Nikko” in Tochigi prefecture and the Chinese reading “Lee” of pears.
【主な特徴】
According to the Tochigi Prefecture Municipalities Division, according to the Local Autonomy Law, the boundary change will be decided by the prefectural governor after a resolution of the parliament based on the application of the relevant municipalities. The prefectural assembly passed on March 18, 2022, the last day of the February regular meeting. It seems that part of the boundary between Yaita City and Shioya Town, Shioya District will change on July 1st of this year. However, the prefecture’s land improvement enterprise (land improvement district is a farmer established based on the Land Improvement Act for the purpose of conducting land improvement enterprises (maintenance of fields and farm roads, maintenance and management of agricultural irrigation facilities, etc.) It is an organization with a public character. The land improvement district is composed of members who will benefit from the project, and it seems that the content and operation method of the land improvement project will be discussed and implemented. , It seems that the expenses required for operation will be paid by the union members, etc.), and it seems that the total area and population of both cities and towns will not change. The boundary will change in the area about 5 km southwest of Yaita City Hall and about 3 km east of Shioya Town Hall, and it seems that 5590 m2 of land in Takashio, Yaita City will be exchanged for 5590 m2 of Tadokoro, Shioya Town. Since the land improvement project completed the area improvement of the fields, the boundary was reset along the structures such as waterways and roads, but it seems that the exchange area does not include houses. In December 2021, the two municipal councils unanimously passed a bill to change the boundaries. It seems that the boundary change between cities and towns in the prefecture is the first in three years since Utsunomiya City and Haga Town, Haga District, and Oyama City and Nogi Town, Shimotsuga District went in FY2018. From Japan, where the food self-sufficiency rate is currently declining, expectations are high for the efforts of agricultural workers in Tochigi Prefecture. Furthermore, I would like the government to encourage the government to provide assistance and support. To promote the merger of JA, the “Wide Area JA 10 JA Concept” was resolved at the 22nd Tochigi Prefecture JA Convention in November 1991, and it is possible to strengthen farming and lifestyle guidance measures, strengthen the management base, and meet the needs of union members. It seems that it aimed to create a JA that has high-level business functions and is capable of self-responsible management. Furthermore, at the 23rd Tochigi Prefecture JA Convention (November 1994), he resolved to “realize a wide-area merger and promote organizational development,” and said that he strongly promoted the wide-area merger. Based on these movements, the “Shioya District Wide Area Merger Research Council” was established on August 2, 1993 within the JA jurisdiction, and research and research for the merger has begun. On August 31, 1996, with the secondment from each JA, Central Association, and Federation, a dedicated secretariat was set up to prepare for a full-scale merger. On January 14, 1997, the research council was reorganized in a developmental manner, and the “Shioya District Wide Area JA Merger Promotion Council” was established, and it is said that a concrete merger concept was examined. In October of the same year, a preliminary merger contract was signed that describes the basic matters of the merger, and each JA held an extraordinary general meeting asking whether or not the merger was possible. Both JAs were approved and the founding committee members were appointed at the same time. After that, after repeated discussions with the establishment committee, the Shionotani Agricultural Cooperative was established on March 1, 1998. It consists of 1 city and 4 towns, Yaita City Agricultural Cooperative (Yaita City), Shioya Town Agricultural Cooperative (Shioya Town), Ujiie Town Agricultural Cooperative (former Ujiie Town), Takanezawa Town Agricultural Cooperative (Takanezawa Town), It is said that the five agricultural cooperatives of Kirengawa Town Agricultural Cooperative (formerly Kirengawa Town) have merged. After that, due to the merger of cities, towns and villages on March 28, 2005, the Shionotani Agricultural Cooperative became 2 cities and 2 towns. The first frozen vegetable in Japan was strawberry. 100 years history of frozen foods in Japan: The first frozen food in Japan seems to have started in 1920 with the construction of a full-scale refrigerator in Mori Town, Hokkaido, which has the ability to freeze 10 tons of marine products per day. Ten years later, it seems that Tobata Cold Storage (now Nippon Suisan Kaisha)’s “Strawberry Shabe (frozen strawberry)” was sold at Hankyu Department Store in Umeda, Osaka as Japan’s first commercially available frozen vegetable. When the school lunch law was enacted in 1954 and school lunch started, frozen fish fillets, frozen croquettes, sticks, etc. suitable for lunch were adopted, and after that, school lunch expanded rapidly. This is the basis for the development of commercial frozen foods. Furthermore, at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, attention to frozen foods accelerated because the amount of food supplied in the Olympic Village was enormous and purchasing it all at once would affect ordinary households. Thawing and cooking methods have been studied, and it seems that they have begun to be used in the food service industry. Imports of frozen vegetables temporarily decreased due to the incident of pesticide contamination in Chinese frozen dumplings in 2008, but in recent years they have been on an increasing trend and exceeded 1 million tons in 2017. Imports of frozen vegetables in 2020 have decreased from the previous year due to a temporary decrease in imports from China due to the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). In recent years, imports have increased significantly in countries such as Belgium, the Netherlands, Ecuador, and Vietnam. As for items, potatoes, broccoli, and mixed frozen vegetables seem to grow significantly. Regarding frozen strawberries, the import volume is increasing, and while the major import destinations of China and the United States are decreasing, the presence of Egypt and Chile seems to be increasing. While imports of frozen vegetables are increasing, there is a tendency for domestic production to be increasing, such as the introduction of functional labeling, cooperation with domestic production areas, and the entry of companies into organic frozen vegetables, reflecting consumer awareness. In 2020, when the time spent at home increased due to the influence of COVID-19, in addition to the growth of home-cooked meals, soaring vegetable prices in the summer spurred the sale of frozen vegetables at supermarkets and other places. For the purpose of reducing the number of purchases, the characteristics of frozen vegetables as stock demand have been reviewed, and it seems that the use has spread to consumers who have not used it until now, leading to continuous purchases. In addition, according to the summary of the Japan Frozen Food Association announced in April 2020, the growth of drug stores and convenience stores as places to purchase frozen vegetables is conspicuous as a trend in recent years, and the younger the age, the more the tendency. There seems to be a report that is getting stronger. Also, it seems that women tend to be more popular with ingredients such as frozen vegetables and frozen fruits than men. Cultivation spread rapidly as a back crop of paddy fields from the latter half of the 1950s, and in 2017, it recorded the highest production in Japan for 50 consecutive years. The prefecture seems to have designated January 15 as “Strawberry Kingdom Tochigi Day” to commemorate this the following year. In particular, its market share in the Tokyo market is unrivaled by other prefectures, and it seems that it is focusing on further expansion of production. Behind the scenes of strawberry production is steady breeding. It is a well-known fact that strawberry is now a highly competitive market with original varieties bred all over the country. The prefecture is also promoting strategic breeding, and it is said that four seasons that can be harvested in the summer, gifts, and white-skinned types are being developed. A wide variety of Japanese original strawberries are attracting a lot of attention from tourists visiting Japan, and it seems that the recognition of Japanese strawberries is increasing, especially in Asia. Ichigo; Strawberry is a representative agricultural product of the prefecture, but from the desire to secure more income for producers and enjoy agricultural products produced in Tochigi prefecture even outside the season, the National Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Tochigi Prefecture Headquarters, 2016 He started the frozen vegetables direct sales business in 2014, and two years later, in 2018, he started his own Tochigi dream factory. The frozen vegetables business is run by the direct sales section of the JA Zennoh Tochigi Farming Sales Planning Department, but it seems that only JA Zen-Noh Tochigi operates a freezing factory at the prefectural headquarters of Zennoh. Frozen vegetables to be tackled are not included in frozen foods under the Frozen Food Sanitation Law and JA Law, and seem to be treated as frozen distribution products of fresh foods. In addition, JA Zennoh Tochigi had outsourced the primary processing of Nira to a food processing factory from 2016 in order to respond to orders from the frozen dumpling factory in the neighboring prefecture, but in order to handle more items, 2018 I heard that in March, it was decided to establish its own “Tochigi Yume Factory” with a quality control function on the premises of the factory. At the vegetable processing factory, the most important thing to pay attention to is checking for foreign matter contamination, but at the Tochigi Yume Factory, we have started a trial operation of a function to inspect with LEDs to prepare for the risk of foreign matter contamination, and as a quality control function. It seems that bacterial tests and sensory tests (shape, luster, flavor, meat quality) are also in place. As mechanical equipment, there is a primary processing facility that can handle cabbage, lettuce, and cauliflower, centering on broccoli. Currently, we mainly perform primary processing (inspection, cleaning, cutting, etc.) before freezing, but we are still doing it. Since the factory has spare capacity, we plan to further increase the processing capacity. The factory is located in an easily accessible area, less than 6 kilometers from Utsunomiya Station and about 15 minutes from the Utsunomiya Interchange on the Tohoku Expressway. Garlic chives, cabbage (chilled), and frozen strawberry are the items with large sales and amount of money, but in recent years, it seems that frozen strawberry juice, frozen asparagus, and frozen green onion have been growing. We are developing items according to demand, and we also freeze-process onions and ginger. In addition to chilled cabbage, there are core removal and cutting. In 2020, it seems that they are starting to work on spinach and broccoli on a trial basis. Since the processing of vegetables relies heavily on human-wave tactics, it is said that securing a labor force that matches the season of vegetables is a major issue. It is the most important thing in the management of the factory to operate the machine without resting for a year and not to create a quiet period. However, unlike industrial products, in the case of vegetable processing factories, the peak time of their work depends greatly on the item and the weather, and it seems that it is not always the same every year. It seems that the peak time of work is from March to May for strawberries, from March to May for green onions, and from June to August for garlic chives. Smell tends to be a blind spot. Garlic chives are very fragrant vegetables, so it seems that they try to avoid working at the same time as strawberries. This measure seems obvious, but it seems to be a breakthrough. Raw materials are mainly procured from production areas in the prefecture, but items other than strawberries may be procured from production areas outside the prefecture with the cooperation of the neighboring JA group during the off-season. Some garlic chives are cultivated in fields dedicated to processing, but the varieties and standards seem to be the same as those for the market. In the case of strawberries, they are not cultivated for processing, and fruits that are slightly overripe or not for the market are shipped to the Tochigi Yume Factory for processing. The product seems to be capable of producing BQF candied, dice-cut, slice-cut, and fruit juice that retain their original shape. Being able to freeze strawberries at the most delicious time is a strength unique to the production area, which also leads to reduction of food loss. In addition, I heard that there are strong inquiries from major confectionery makers because the varieties “Tochiotome STRAWBERRY” and “Skyberry STRAWBERRY” can be used for display. Founded in 1986, Company A has been deeply involved in the development of menus at JA Zennoh Tochigi, and now has a business consignment contract to transport raw materials from agricultural cooperatives throughout Tochigi Prefecture to the Tochigi Dream Factory and part-time labor. Is responsible for securing. In recent years, the shortage of truck drivers has become a serious problem, and it seems that it has become a very big existence. It seems that sales to sales destinations, inventory and production volume adjustments are carried out by the direct sales section of JA Zennoh Tochigi Farming Sales Planning Department, and sales activities are carried out to end customers with direct sales as the center of the business. Also, regarding the collection of raw materials, the price is decided annually, but there seems to be no agreement on the quantity. One or two days before shipping, each agricultural cooperative will contact JA Zennoh Tochigi about the planned shipping quantity, and it seems that they will basically buy the entire quantity. Vegetables lose their freshness quickly, so if they cannot be processed, they are stored frozen as they are, and it seems that the amount of raw materials received and the production line are adjusted. In the case of frozen vegetables, there is a storage fee for the product, so I hear that maintaining a balance between manufacturing and sales and systematically producing and shipping is the biggest issue. The growth of vegetables is easily affected by the weather, and it is difficult to secure raw materials, it is difficult to secure a labor force, and there are no items that can be harvested and processed in the summer in Tochigi prefecture, so the operating rate of the factory has dropped. It seems that they have a problem of getting rid of it. In addition, with the expansion of COVID-19, the demand for eating out and school lunches has declined significantly, so it seems that the inventory for business use cannot be handled and the burden of storage fees is heavy. However, Tochigi Prefecture is close to the metropolitan area consumption area and has the great advantage of being able to secure raw materials from neighboring vegetable producing areas, and it seems that the market for frozen vegetables using domestic raw materials is still considered to have a lot of room for growth. JA Shionoya is administratively divided into the Shioya district and is located in the northeastern part of Tochigi prefecture. It is a long rhombus from north-northwest to east-southeast, about 43 km north-south, the widest part of east-west is about 30 km, and the total area is 543.97 km2, which occupies about 8.5% of the prefecture’s land. It consists of 2 cities and 2 towns, Yaita City, Shioya Town, Sakura City, and Takanezawa Town. Yaita City and Shioya Town in the north border the Kinugawa, Shiobara, and Nasu districts with the plateau mountain range as the boundary, and part of them is designated as Nikko National Park. In addition, Sakura City (former Kitsuregawa Town) in the east borders the Minaminasu district on a gentle plateau, and Sakura City (former Ujiie Town) and Takanezawa Town in the south are located at the northern end of the Kanto Plain and border the Utsunomiya and Haga districts. It seems to form a corner of a flat grain area. I heard that the highest place is Shakagatake in Shioya Town, which is 1,794 m above sea level, and the lowest place is the southern flat land, which is 107 m above sea level. The main rivers are the Kinugawa River, which runs from the western part of the area to the southern boundary, the Hoki River, which originates from Shiobara Town in the north, and the Hoki River, which runs along the eastern part of the area. Seems to be doing. The average temperature in the region is around 12 ° C in the north and around 13 ° C in the south, and the precipitation tends to be different, about 1,560 mm in the north and about 1,380 mm in the south. In addition, the frequency of thunderstorms is high, and it seems that those that occur on Mt. Takahara mainly affect, and those that occur on Mt. Nantai may affect the southern area. As major transportation means, the JR Tohoku Shinkansen, Tohoku Main Line, and Karasuyama Line run on the railroad, and the Tohoku Expressway, National Highways 4, 293, 408, and 461 and the Shioya Wide Area Farm Road (Green Line) have been developed. , It seems to be a big transportation base for industry and tourism. The area is dotted with many famous places and historic sites, including tourist attractions such as Happogahara in the north, the prefectural forest, and Shojinzawa spring. In particular, hot springs spring out everywhere in the jurisdiction to improve health. It seems that it is crowded with domestic and foreign users for recreation. “Nikkori Pear” (From the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Variety Registration Homepage): Application number 6756 Application date 1994/03/31 Registration number 5138. It is a cross-bred variety of “I-33 Pear” (“Wase Ishii Pear” × “Nijisseiki Pear”), and was named and registered in 1972. It is a variety and is registered as an agricultural and forestry certified variety (Pear Norin No. 8).) At that time, the seed parent was “Kikusui Pear” × “Yakumo Pear”, but after a while, in 2003, the fruit skin color, Self-incompatibility genotype, DNA analysis, etc. were investigated, and it was found that “Kosui Pear” × “I-33 Pear” was crossed and it is very likely that they were bred.)” It is selected and cultivated from the obtained seedlings. The shape of the fruit is circle, the skin color is reddish brown, the size is about 850 g, and it is a late-maturing variety that matures in the middle of October in the growing area (Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Prefecture). Tree vigor is strong, shoot length is quite long, shoot thickness is thick, internode length is short, lenticel size is medium, shoot color is dark green-brown, short fruit branch growth is Slightly small, flower buds oval, medium in size. The shape of the mature leaf is circular, the shape of the tip is medium, the shape of the base is circular, the angle of the saw blade at the leaf edge is medium, the size of the leaf is slightly large, the length of the petiole is quite short, and the ratio of petioles is quite small. The petals are medium in size, the flower color just before flowering is pale peach, the shape is an egg, the cuts are small, and the petal color is white. Fruit shape is circle, fruit shape index is medium, stalk depth is deep, width is slightly wide, stalk depth is medium, width is narrow. The maximum weight is about 850 g, the color of the pericarp is reddish brown, the size of the fruit points is medium, the density is dense, the rough smoothness of the fruit surface is slightly rough, the length of the fruit stalk is short, the thickness is thick, and the flesh stalk. With or without, fruit core size is medium, flesh is slightly snow-white, hardness, coarseness and browning of the cut end are medium, sweetness is high, acidity is weak, aroma is minimal, fruit juice is abundant, seeds The shape is a little long egg, and the size is quite large. The maturity period is late, and the storability is long in the growing area in mid-October. “Atago (In the 20th century (1888, in Ohashi village (currently Matsudo city, Chiba prefecture, Nijusseikigaoka Nashimoto town)),” a 13-year-old “Mr. Kakunosuke Matsudo” boy became a relative. It was discovered at Mr. Sahei Ishii’s house. It was named “Nijisseiki Pear” in 1904 with the hope and expectation that it would become a representative variety of this “Chinese Pear” in the 20th century. The birthplace of “Nijisseiki Pear” was the Nijisseiki Park, and a monument was built in the park. The original tree of “Nijisseiki Pear” was a national natural memorial in December 1935. Has been designated. Unfortunately, it died in 1957, and the original tree is preserved in the library of the Matsudo Municipal Museum. It was created by Mr. Kakunosuke Matsudo of Yahashira Village Ohashi from 1888 to 1898 after painstaking efforts. Today, Tottori Prefecture boasts the highest production in Japan, and at Nijusseiki Park (24, Nijusseikigaoka Nashimoto Town), the birthplace of 20th century pears, there is a monument of gratitude given by Tottori Prefecture. Are standing.) ” × It is said to be a mating seedling with “Chojuro Pear” in Kanagawa Prefecture, and was later announced by Mr. Akio Kikuchi in 1915. At that time, it was considered to be a cross with “20th century (self-breeding)” or “Imamura Aki Pear”. Confirmation of the history of 55 Japanese pear varieties by S gene and SSR marker analysis: Agricultural Research Organization) In some cases, the shape of the fruit is circular, etc., compared to “Shinsetsu (announced in 1949 in Niigata Prefecture as a mating seedling of “Okusankichi Pear” × “Imamura Aki Pear”)”. The color of the shoots is dark green-brown, the number of short fruit branches is small, the shape of the mature leaves is circular, the shape of the fruits is circular, the color of the peel is reddish brown, etc. , “Niitaka Pear (“Amanokawa Pear” in Niigata Prefecture × Known as a mating seedling with “Chojuro Pear” in Kanagawa Prefecture. At the former Tokyo Prefectural Gardening School (Tamakawa Fruit Garden),” Mr. Akio Kikuchi was around 1927. At that time, it seems that it was a hybrid of “Imamura Aki Pear” in Kochi prefecture. However, Agricultural Research Organization: The hybrid parents of 55 Japanese pear varieties are revealed by analysis of self-incompatibility (S) genotype and 18 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers (Research period: 2000). -2008). Alternatively, the DNA fingerprint method: DNA fragments and variations in their lengths are used as differential markers “Fingerprint prints”, and identity identification (genetic analysis: Genetic) by the (allele) gene. Compared to analysis), the distinction is made by the fact that there are few short fruit branches, the shape of the mature leaves is circular, the size of the depressions of the fruits is narrow, and the skin is reddish brown. It is said that it will be accepted. The registration date is 1996/08/22. The date of extinction of breeders’ rights was 2014/08/23. Variety registrant, Utsunomiya City, Tochigi Prefecture, registered cultivar breeder, Mr. Kaneko, Mr. Takahashi. It is always popular because it is large and has a refreshing sweetness and good taste. If you use an optical sensor, you can not only easily guarantee the sugar content by just applying it to the surface of the pear without damaging it, but also mitosis (calcium deficiency: a part of the flesh or radial water immersion, and the symptom progresses. The skin becomes moisturized. It seems that the entire flesh may become spongy. The damaged fruit has poor appearance and longevity, and may lose its commercial value. Due to deterioration of root function, etc. It seems to occur easily when calcium absorption and transfer to fruits are poor. Also, it seems that it occurs more often in slightly overripe fruits in a dry garden with poor water retention. 90-120 in cold summer years and after full bloom It seems that it is likely to occur even in dry years on the day (early to late July). It seems that it is good to spray a 0.2-0.5% solution of calcium chloride on the foliage as a preventive measure and try to harvest at the right time. The activity of the roots is maintained by applying organic substances and deep plowing to create soil. In the summer, it is effective to try to prevent drying by irrigation or bedding.
JA Zen-Noh Tochigi and Tochigi Agricultural Products Marketing Association (cultivation of production areas that can meet diverse needs)
Creating a brand in collaboration with municipalities and producer groups Proposes and advises on the production, distribution and sales of local agricultural products. Support for formulating sales strategies, enhancement of think tank functions (cooperation with think tank organizations), collection and provision of information on actual consumers, consumer needs and consumption, and distribution trends. Introduction and sales expansion of agricultural products produced in the prefecture, enhancement of training functions, mutual training between members (producer groups and processors and retailers), cross-industry exchange training, training for human resources who can handle various distribution and sales. Sending and receiving information about prefectural products, planning PR activities and sales events by member-centered (participation), widening information transmission (effective utilization of mass media, association HP, etc.)
Collecting requests from actual consumers, consumers, etc. and giving feedback to members, disseminating and utilizing various certification systems, building a relationship of trust between producers and consumers, responding to various distributions, information on distribution routes to actual consumers, etc. Collection, introduction of agricultural products and production areas to actual consumers, setting of a place for interaction between producer groups and actual consumers
Promotion of agricultural product export, support for safety and security initiatives, introduction to consumers of safety and security initiatives implemented by members, proposals to production areas for advanced safety and security initiatives, actual consumers of specially cultivated agricultural products, etc. Introduction to consumers) held the award ceremony for the “1st Tochigi Prefecture None Grand Prix” in Utsunomiya City on February 9, 2017. In order to improve the cultivation technique and quality of pears, the earnest prayers being answered; realization of one’s earnest wishes of the prefecture’s original variety “Nikkori Pear” was held to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the variety registration. In contrast to the “Tochigi Prefecture Pear Tachige (state before harvesting crops) co-promotion event” held in 2016, the “Tochigi Prefecture None Grand Prix” about 5 years ago also has the condition and sugar content of the flesh. Producers recommended in each production area are participating in the examination items. Twelve people from Tochigi prefecture were judged, and one grand prize, five gold prizes, and six silver prizes were selected. Mr Yasuhiro. and Mrs. Akiko Kurouchi from Takanezawa Town were recommended by the JA and won the Gold Award (Production Bureau Director’s Award).
I heard that the overseas export of Tochigi Prefecture’s original variety, Nikkori Pear, started in 2004. After exporting to Hong Kong, it seems to have become very popular as a gift. With the increase in exporting countries, the export volume has also risen sharply. It seems that this excellent agricultural product has crossed the sea to four countries, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand in 2006. It seems that the juicy, textured, and sweet smile was highly evaluated, and the creditworthiness of Tochigi Prefecture increased, and exports of other items such as grapes and rice were also strong. It seems that the results of agricultural workers proving the high level of cultivation technology produced in Tochigi Prefecture have been linked. It is a good location for cultivating Pear, which sells sweetness and freshness, including smiling Pear, and boasts one of the leading production areas. In addition, it seems that they are trying to standardize technology and improve quality by unifying fertilizers for each production area and holding workshops. In the major production areas in the prefecture, the development of fruit sorting facilities equipped with high-performance optical sensors is progressing, and about 70% of pears are sorted by optical sensors, which is popular not only with market participants but also with consumers. In addition, it seems that the obtained fruit selection data is fed back to the cultivation management and is used for the next cultivation management.